Philosophical foundations of Friedrich Schleiermacher's christology are found in his rejection of the likeness theology found in many medieval theologians and in German rationalist philosophers of the 17th and 18th centuries such as Leibniz and Kant. Instead, Schleiermacher offers a theology of divine otherness, as an interpretation of religious consciousness as awareness of oneself as "absolutely" (i.e., totally and unconditionally) dependent. On this basis all that we can characterize of that on which we are absolutely dependent (God) is its causality. Hence, Schleiermacher argues, Christian theology must not speak of a "nature" of God, but only of a causality of God, as present in Christ in a special way. It is argued that he identifies this divine causality as love (that is, as a causality tending toward human redemption), and as identical with Christ's human love, on the basis of a teleology known in Christian experience of redemption.In their christologies modern Protestant theologians have often played down, or in some cases even repudiated, the more or less metaphysical discussions of the divine and human "natures" of Christ in ancient and medieval Christian theology. For some this has doubtless represented a shift in focus from relatively philosophical considerations to interpretation of a particular history. And christology is a department of Christian theology to which such interpretation has an obvious relevance. It remains the case, nevertheless, that the development of christology in modern Protestant theology has been deeply influenced by views about issues relatively accessible to philosophical speculation and argument. In particular this is true of the strikingly innovative christology of Friedrich Schleiermacher, commonly regarded as the "father" of modern Protestant theology.