“…It has been demonstrated that living mulches can help to retain soil moisture, reduce soil erosion, improve the soil physicochemical properties, reduce orchard pests, and improve the fruit yield and quality [1e5]. Various types of living mulches require different climate and soil conditions, and they have diverse effects on fruit tree varieties [6,7]. Previous studies have investigated the effects of different types of mulch on the soil moisture, soil structure, soil nutrition, and crop yield and quality.…”