Legitimising liberal militarism: politics, law and war in the Arms Trade Treaty

Stavrianakis, Anna

doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.1113867

Cited by 49 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Thus, numerous studies have traced how international rules and norms affected state conduct in policy areas as diverse as security and disarmament (e.g. Cooper 2006;Lodgaard and Maerli 2007;Stavrianakis 2016), environmental protection (e.g. Keohane et al 1993;Peterson 1997;Young 1999), or human rights (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satisfied or not? Exploring the interplay of individual, country and international organization characteristics for negotiation success

2020

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International norms and rules are created in international negotiations. A comprehensive survey shows that the satisfaction with negotiation outcomes varies between delegates, states and International Organizations (IOs), which is important as it has potential ramifications for state compliance and the effectiveness of the international rules and norms. This paper investigates which role individual, country and IO features and their interactions play for satisfaction with international negotiation outcomes. Drawing on approaches of international negotiation and cooperation, hypotheses on individual, country and IO features are specified and examined empirically with a multilevel analysis. This reveals that especially individual and IO level features impact outcome satisfaction. Outcome satisfaction increases if delegates put in much work in negotiations and can conduct them flexibly and if IOs are small in size, and have institutional designs that seek to foster debates. The paper also shows that there are cross-level interaction effects. Most notably, the positive effect of flexibility on high outcome satisfaction is less pronounced when negotiations are more strongly characterized by bargaining dynamics. Vice-versa, when IOs are prone to arguing dynamics all actors become more satisfied.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satisfied or not? Exploring the interplay of individual, country and international organization characteristics for negotiation success

2020

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“…Thus, paradoxically, the ATT could actually be used to justify increases in arms sales, if adequate evidence that they are being used ‘in the right way’ can be provided. Once this is understood, it becomes clear that a key effect of the ATT could be the legitimation of liberal forms of militarism exercised by major Western states (Stavrianakis, 2016: 841). In seeking to distinguish between ‘moral’ and ‘immoral’ weaponry, we fail to recognize the wider structural effects of militarism (Wibben, 2018).…”

Section: Human Rights Arms Deals and Feminist Foreign Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 4. Stavrianakis argues that liberal militarism is characterized by a number of key features: the capital- and technology-intensive character of the preparation for and conduct of war; a strong commitment to military production across war- and peacetime and self-understanding as a primarily ‘economic, industrial and commercial power’; the distanced form of attacks on Southern populations and simultaneous containment of social conflict at home and policing of empire abroad, often featuring supposedly ‘small’ massacres; a universalist ideology and conception of world order; low levels of military participation by society; and a state–capital relation that is formally separate but organically related (Stavrianakis, 2016: 845). …”

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confidence: 99%

Feminist foreign policy as ethical foreign policy? A care ethics perspective

Robinson

2019

Journal of International Political Theory

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This article argues that a liberal cosmopolitan approach to feminist foreign policy reproduces existing relations of power, including gender power relations and Western liberal modes of domination. I suggest that a critical feminist ethic of care offers a potentially radical and transformative account of ethics as a basis for a transnational feminism – one that reveals and troubles the binary gender norms that constitute the international and which exposes the ways in which patriarchal orders uphold political hierarchies that obstruct the building of empathy and repairing of relationship. To illustrate this argument, I address the recent diplomatic crises faced by Sweden and Canada in their relationships with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Policymakers and diplomats must aim to build understanding by recognizing the material and discursive factors that have constructed, over time, the relationships between Saudi Arabia and Sweden/Canada, as well as the ways in which patriarchal structures – across the globe and at multiple scales – hinder the possibility of attentive listening and connection across borders. It is only through the prism of this relationship – where difference takes on meaning – that the more complex role of Western states in the contemporary system of transnational militarism is revealed.

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“…Where the optimists focus on, and celebrate, the success of discrete campaigning initiativesthe first Matryoshka doll of arms trade governance -critical pessimists also aim to contextualise such initiatives within the broader fields and logics associated with the inter-related governance of arms, security, economy and people. In this context action on landmines or cluster munitions has been depicted as part of a 'devils bargain' (Krause 2011, 23) in which the protection of some people from some weapons is achieved at the expense of legitimising other arms, forms of violence and ways of warin particular, liberal militarism (Stavrianakis 2016). Even more fundamentally, some critical pessimists, drawing on Foucault, (2003; have argued that initiatives on landmines or small arms can only be properly understood as part of what has been labelled as 'arms control as governmentality' (Krause, 2011; also see Mutimer, 2011).…”

Section: From Good Norms and Discrete Initiatives To Arms Control As mentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, Sovereignty, and Free Trade: Arms Trade Regulation and Humanitarian Arms Control in the Age of Empire

Cooper

2018

Journal of Global Security Studies

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This paper examines arms trade regulation in the late 19 th century and contributes to the literature on norms, arms regulation, humanitarian arms control and arms control as governmentality. I begin by examining the 1890 Brussels Act as an example of the first 'Matryoshka doll' of arms trade governance, a specific humanitarian initiative focused on regulating a particular class of weapons in a specified area. I suggest the Act represented an attempt to graft a regulatory arms trade norm onto an established anti-slavery norm and that it was more extensively implemented than has been recognised. I then locate the Act within the second Matryoshka doll of arms trade governance, the broader approach to prohibition operating in the era. In contrast to representations of the period as one of free trade in arms I demonstrate the extensive efforts to restrict the transfer of firearms to colonial subjects. Finally, I demonstrate how mechanisms of prohibition and permission constituted the practices of arms control as governmentalitythe third matryoshka doll-where the concern was to define and manage which gradations of people could legitimately own, trade and use which gradations of weapons in what contexts. Overall, the paper challenges the optimistic assumptions in much of the literature on humanitarian arms control and arms trade norms. Instead, I suggest the merger of humanitarianism and arms control can reflect the influence of both good and bad norms; is not necessarily incompatible with colonialism, racism or imperial violence and can be congruent with liberal militarism.

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Legitimising liberal militarism: politics, law and war in the Arms Trade Treaty

Cited by 49 publications

References 42 publications

Satisfied or not? Exploring the interplay of individual, country and international organization characteristics for negotiation success

Satisfied or not? Exploring the interplay of individual, country and international organization characteristics for negotiation success

Feminist foreign policy as ethical foreign policy? A care ethics perspective

Race, Sovereignty, and Free Trade: Arms Trade Regulation and Humanitarian Arms Control in the Age of Empire

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