Legitimidad e innovación en la minería: el caso del Programa Oro Verde

Fairness and Justice in Natural Resource Politics

“…They are characterized by high levels of illegality, poverty, and exploitation (see Crawford and Botchwey, in this volume). The first programme targeting ecological and social certification of gold was Oro Verde in 2000, which can be seen as the inspiration for the later Fairtrade and Fairmined certification labels (Cardiff, 2010;Sarmiento et al, 2013). In 2003, the world's first independently certified environmentally and socially responsible wedding rings were launched.…”

Muddy Decisions: Gold in the Chocó, Colombia

“…The Alliance promotes a socially and environmentally responsible mining industry and attempts to improve the lives of miners. Sarmiento et al (2013b) outlines the OroVerde (Green Gold) initiative. OroVerde, established in 1999, was a founding member of ARM.…”

“…OroVerde, established in 1999, was a founding member of ARM. Sarmiento et al (2013b) position OroVerde as an alternative form of governance for the mining sector which brings together two Afro-descendant community councils, two Colombian NGOs, and international partners to create an ecologically sensitive and sustainable gold market. OroVerde and ARM helped to develop the Fairmined and Fairtrade standard, which, according to its promoters, "guarantees that the gold is extracted and processed in compliance with social and environmental standards, and without the use of chemicals" 8 Gudynas (2008Gudynas ( , 2010 Nash (1993Nash ( [1979), who described how Bolivian tin miners mediate their labor with the supernatural, and Taussig (1980Taussig ( , 2004, who described rural capitalism and Afrodescendent people in Colombia.…”

“…OroVerde offers the Afrodescendent artisanal miners who participate in the initiative favorable market access to buyers interested in paying a premium for gold produced using their techniques. Sarmiento et al (2013b) argue OroVerde promotes sustainable forms of mining that protects land, the environment, and natural resources; positions self-employed miners in a more favorable market; promotes producer groups which combine mining with agriculture, forestry, and fishing; addresses market access, unfair supply chains, and a lack of transparency in the value chain; and teaches miners how their activities impact the environment and their communities. OroVerde, however, only worked with two community councils in the San Juan region and a few hundred families, it sold on average $200,000 of gold and platinum a year (Sarmiento et al, 2013b, p. 285, 297), and it brought about 6 kilograms to market (Smith, 2012, p. 101).…”

Diseño de producto – servicio centrado en la compra de joyería artesanal elaborada con metales preciosos obtenidos de los dispositivos eléctricos y electrónicos en desuso

“…Si bien el sector minero cuenta con diversa documentación respecto a las operaciones Aunque la minería es regulada a nivel regional y nacional por Ingeominas y el Ministerio de Minas y Energía, el 86% de los mineros en Colombia no poseen título minero para extraer oro, y los grupos armados han podido tomar control de diversas áreas mineras (Sarmiento, 2013) contaminante debido a su persistencia, bioacumulación y toxicidad. Éste se deposita en sedimentos donde se convierte en metilmercurio, por biometilación de la forma inorgánica, y es en esta forma donde finalmente es consumido por los peces, y otros organismos acuíferos, y finalmente por la población humana (Marrugo, Benitez y Olivero, 2008).…”