“…This finding has been reported in studies that examined both criminal justice contexts (Mastrofski, Snipes, & Supina, 1996;Paternoster, Brame, Bachman, & Sherman, 1997;Piquero, Gomez-Smith, & Langton, 2004;Sherman, 2002;Sunshine & Tyler, 2003b;Tyler, 2004;Tyler & Wakslak, 2004) and noncriminal justice contexts (Kitzmann & Emery, 1993;Lind, Kulik, Ambrose, & Deverapark, 1993;Mueller & Landsman, 2004;Pruitt, Peirce, McGillicuddy, Welton, & Castrianno, 1993). Restorative-based justice and justice conferencing programs have also been developed, which define the role of justice professionals more as intermediaries between the state and citizens than as authoritarian decision-makers in the criminal justice process (Olson & Dzur, 2004).…”