Legionella qingyii sp. nov., isolated from water samples in China

Wu, Haiyan; Yan, Hui; Zheng, Min-Ling; Sun, Mingming; Wang, Qun; Hu, Changming; Zhan, Xiao-Yong; Yuan, Mu-Ge; Qu, Pinghua; Hu, Chaohui

doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003421

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It is characterized by the use of the latest cloud database and an external pump to achieve vacuum rapidly. The use of the Autof ms1000 has been reported in a case of Trichosporon dohaense infection [14], a novel isolate of Legionella qingyii [15], and an evaluation in Bacteroides fragilis group isolates [16]. Recently, the Autof ms1000 was evaluated for clinical isolates in China, and it showed comparable identification performance to the Bruker Biotyper [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Autof ms1000 and Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS Platforms for Routine Identification of Clinical Microorganisms

Park

Jang

Yoon

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is widely used in clinical microbiology laboratories because it is cost-effective, reliable, and fast. This study is aimed at comparing the identification performance of the recently developed Autof ms1000 (Autobio, China) with that of the Bruker Biotyper (Bruker Daltonics, Germany). From January to June 2020, 205 preserved strains and 302 clinical isolates were used for comparison. Bacteria were tested with duplicates of the direct transfer method, and formic acid extraction was performed if the results were not at the species level. Fungi were tested with formic acid extraction followed by ethanol extraction methods. 16S rRNA or ITS region sequence analysis was performed on isolates that could not be identified by any of the instruments and on isolates that showed inconsistent results. The time to result of each instrument was also compared. Among preserved strains, species-level identification results were obtained in 202 (98.5%) strains by the Autof ms1000 and 200 (97.6%) strains by the Bruker Biotyper. Correct identification at the species/complex level was obtained for 200 (97.6%) strains by the Autof ms1000 and for 199 (97.1%) strains by the Bruker Biotyper. Among clinical isolates, species-level identification results were obtained in 301 (99.7%) strains and 300 (99.3%) strains by the Autof ms1000 and Bruker Biotyper, respectively. Correct identification at the species/complex level was achieved for 299 (99.0%) strains by the Autof ms1000 and for 300 (99.3%) strains by the Bruker Biotyper. The time to analyze 96 spots was approximately 14 min for the Autof ms1000 and approximately 27 min for the Bruker Biotyper. The two instruments showed comparable performance for the routine identification of clinical microorganisms. In addition, the Autof ms1000 has a short test time, making it convenient for use in clinical microbiology laboratories.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Autof ms1000 and Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS Platforms for Routine Identification of Clinical Microorganisms

Park

Jang

Yoon

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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“…Formation of brown and water-soluble pigment was tested on tyrosine-containing yeast extract agar [22]. The biochemical tests (oxidase, catalase, urease, nitrate reduction, β-lactamase, indole tests, glucose fermentation, starch hydrolysis and hippurate hydrolysis) were determined by using cultures grown at 32 °C on BCYEα agar as described previously [3,23]. Other enzymatic characterizations were tested with API ZYM kits (bioMérieux) according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Legionella septentrionalis sp. nov., isolated from aquatic environments in the northern PR China

Zhang

et al. 2021

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Four strains (km711T, km714, km542 and km524), representing a novel Legionella species, were isolated from aquatic environments in northern PR China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, microaerobic, motile and growth depended on l-cysteine. They grew at 25‒42 °C (optimum, 35‒37 °C) and could tolerate up to 1.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5 %). The major fatty acids (>5 %) of the type strain km711T were C17 : 0 anteiso, C15 : 0 anteiso, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2OH. The pairwise comparison values were <96.1 % for 16S rRNA gene sequences, 23.3‒28.7 % interspecies variation for mip gene sequences, <93.6 % average nucleotide identity and <72.8 % average amino acid identity between these four strains and related type strains within the genus Legionella . The phylogenetic tree based on the four concatenated genes (16S rRNA, mip, rpoB and rnpB) and protein-concatamer tree based on concatenation of 21 protein markers both revealed that these four strains formed a separate phylogenetic branch cluster within the genus Legionella . The results of phenotypic and genotypic features suggest that these four strains represent a novel species of the genus Legionella , for which the name Legionella septentrionalis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain km711T=KCTC 15655T=NBRC 113219T).

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“…Legionella contains both non-pathogenic and pathogenic species. Approximately 50% of the 61 species in Legionella infect humans (Borella et al, 2005a;Lau and Ashbolt, 2009;Springston and Yocavitch, 2017; The International Organization for Standardization, 2017; Gomes et al, 2018;Viasus et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2019) and significantly threaten public health (Buse et al, 2012). In this genus, L. pneumophila (pneumophila means "lung-loving") is the most common life-threatening species, causing over 80% of Legionella infections (Reingold et al, 1984;Stout and Yu, 1997;Yu et al, 2002;Hornei et al, 2007;Amemura-Maekawa et al, 2018).…”

Section: The Potentials Of Natural Inhabitants To Indicate Opportunistic Pathogens In Municipal Engineered Water Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionella: A Promising Supplementary Indicator of Microbial Drinking Water Quality in Municipal Engineered Water Systems

Chi-qian¹,

2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Opportunistic pathogens (OPs) are natural inhabitants and the predominant disease causative biotic agents in municipal engineered water systems (EWSs). In EWSs, OPs occur at high frequencies and concentrations, cause drinking-water-related disease outbreaks, and are a major factor threatening public health. Therefore, the prevalence of OPs in EWSs represents microbial drinking water quality. Closely or routinely monitoring the dynamics of OPs in municipal EWSs is thus critical to ensuring drinking water quality and protecting public health. Monitoring the dynamics of conventional (fecal) indicators (e.g., total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli) is the customary or even exclusive means of assessing microbial drinking water quality. However, those indicators infer only fecal contamination due to treatment (e.g., disinfection within water utilities) failure and EWS infrastructure issues (e.g., water main breaks and infiltration), whereas OPs are not contaminants in drinking water. In addition, those indicators appear in EWSs at low concentrations (often absent in well-maintained EWSs) and are uncorrelated with OPs. For instance, conventional indicators decay, while OPs regrow with increasing hydraulic residence time. As a result, conventional indicators are poor indicators of OPs (the major aspect of microbial drinking water quality) in EWSs. An additional or supplementary indicator that can well infer the prevalence of OPs in EWSs is highly needed. This systematic review argues that Legionella as a dominant OP-containing genus and natural inhabitant in EWSs is a promising candidate for such a supplementary indicator. Through comprehensively comparing the behavior (i.e., occurrence, growth and regrowth, spatiotemporal variations in concentrations, resistance to disinfectant residuals, and responses to physicochemical water quality parameters) of major OPs (e.g., Legionella especially L. pneumophila, Mycobacterium, and Pseudomonas especially P. aeruginosa), this review proves that Legionella is a promising supplementary indicator for the prevalence of OPs in EWSs while other OPs lack this indication feature. Legionella as a dominant natural inhabitant in EWSs occurs frequently, has a high concentration, and correlates with more microbial and physicochemical water quality parameters than other common OPs. Legionella and OPs in EWSs share multiple key features such as high disinfectant resistance, biofilm formation, proliferation within amoebae, and significant spatiotemporal variations in concentrations. Therefore, the presence and concentration of Legionella well indicate the presence and concentrations of OPs (especially L. pneumophila) and microbial drinking water quality in EWSs. In addition, Legionella concentration indicates the efficacies of disinfectant residuals in EWSs. Furthermore, with the development of modern Legionella quantification methods (especially quantitative polymerase chain reactions), monitoring Legionella in ESWs is becoming easier, more affordable, and less labor-intensive. Those features make Legionella a proper supplementary indicator for microbial drinking water quality (especially the prevalence of OPs) in EWSs. Water authorities may use Legionella and conventional indicators in combination to more comprehensively assess microbial drinking water quality in municipal EWSs. Future work should further explore the indication role of Legionella in EWSs and propose drinking water Legionella concentration limits that indicate serious public health effects and require enhanced treatment (e.g., booster disinfection).

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Legionella qingyii sp. nov., isolated from water samples in China

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Comparison of Autof ms1000 and Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS Platforms for Routine Identification of Clinical Microorganisms

Comparison of Autof ms1000 and Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS Platforms for Routine Identification of Clinical Microorganisms

Legionella septentrionalis sp. nov., isolated from aquatic environments in the northern PR China

Legionella: A Promising Supplementary Indicator of Microbial Drinking Water Quality in Municipal Engineered Water Systems

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