The article is devoted to the study of current problems of national security of the state, scientific research and substantiation of possible ways to overcome them in the context of armed aggression by the Russian Federation. The main focus of the research is on the issue of clarifying the current threats to the national security of Ukraine, which are present and negatively manifested in the context of armed aggression caused by the full-scale invasion and conduct of Russian troops on the territory of sovereign, independent Ukraine. It is determined that the primary indicator of effective counteraction to threats to national security is the introduction of an effective mechanism for ensuring national security, which is a system of regulatory, organizational, managerial, financial, information and other instruments. Such tools are used by the state to ensure the proper functioning of social relations that are of fundamental importance for the national security of the state. The following are among the promising areas of overcoming national security risks: improvement of legislation regulating the state's foreign activities in the field of national security; creation of an international program for interaction of national security entities with other agencies; improvement of the efficiency of labor relations directly within certain national security entities in Ukraine; improvement of the state policy in the field of national security; work with the HR system in the presented context; improvement of financial and logistical support, etc.