Legal Protection of Sami Traditional Livelihoods from the Adverse Impacts of Mining: A Comparison of the Level of Protection Enjoyed by Sami in Their Four Home States

Koivurova, Timo; Маслобоев, В. А.; Hossain, Kamrul; Nygaard, Vigdis; Petrétei, Anna; Vinogradova, S.A.

doi:10.17585/arctic.v6.76

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Other traditional livelihoods for the Saami include fishing, sealing, livestock rearing and trapping, and farming [10,11], with some groups being termed 'Sea Saami' or 'Coastal Saami'. Naturally, all Saami groups interacted and traded with each other and with non-Saami, further supplementing livelihoods.…”

Section: Saami In Scandinaviamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Migration for Scandinavian Saami: A Review of Possible Impacts

Kelman

Næss

2019

Climate

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Migration, especially of indigenous peoples, related to or influenced by climate change continues to gain increasing research and policy attention. Limited material remains for this topic for Scandinavia’s indigenous people, the Saami. This paper contributes to filling this gap by providing a review for the Scandinavian Saami of the possible impacts of climate change on migration. Environmental influences, social influences, and a synthesis through livelihoods impacts, including for reindeer herding, is provided, followed by a discussion of Saami responses to climate change and migration mainly through a governance analysis. Overall, climate change’s impacts on the Saami do not necessarily entail abandoning their traditions, livelihoods, or homes. Instead, the most significant impact is likely to be migrants moving into the Arctic to pursue resource opportunities. Working collaboratively with the Saami, policies and practices are needed to ensure that indigenous interests are respected and that indigenous needs are met.

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Section: Saami In Scandinaviamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Migration for Scandinavian Saami: A Review of Possible Impacts

Kelman

Næss

2019

Climate

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“…In the region, [26] summarized the four major categories of human activities i.e., (those activities the inhabitants engage in to gain income and support their families) as In the region, [26] summarized the four major categories of human activities i.e., (those activities the inhabitants engage in to gain income and support their families) as i.…”

Section: Vulnerability and Resilience In The Barents Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, the Sami Indigenous peoples that cut across the four countries in the Barents region have often relied on a variety of nature-based livelihoods such as fishing, trapping, small-scale family forestry, agriculture, and the gathering of wild berries and other natural products, together with handicraft-like manufacturing of traditional articles [26]. The most common means of livelihood for the Sami Indigenous people has been semi-nomadic reindeer herding and traditional fishing, even though they are not the only source of household income [30].…”

Section: Vulnerability and Resilience In The Barents Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, there is some commercial fishing amongst the Sami in Inari, a Northern Finland town. However, other modern income-generating activities such as tourism fill the gaps in the economy nowadays; and fishing has become a secondary occupation [26]. By engaging in fishing, the locals are able to meet their everyday nutritional needs without undue reliance on imported foods.…”

Section: Vulnerability and Resilience In The Barents Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reindeer herding is mainly concentrated in two big enterprises that are complex agricultural enterprises and they own 90% of all reindeer in the Kola Peninsula [26]. In the republic of Karelia, Arkhangelsk region and the Nenets autonomous area of Russia, it is mainly wood processing, coal mining, oil and gas industry that dominate.…”

Section: Vulnerability and Resilience In The Barents Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food and Nutrition Security as a Measure of Resilience in the Barents Region

Raheem

2018

Urban Science

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Food and nutrition security builds resilience in a society when people have access to safe and nutritious foods. The Barents region, covering the Northern parts of Finland, Norway, and Sweden, and the North-western part of Russia, seeks common goals that include the well-being of the region's inhabitants by ensuring preservation of local culture and social and environmental sustainability. This paper reviews existing literature on food and nutrition security in relation to building resilience and promoting well-being in the region. Amongst the local communities, traditional foods have served as a major source of healthy diet that ensures food security. Access to secure, nutritious, and healthy food is one of the aspects offering greater human security and societal stability. Traditional food has served as a major source of healthy diet, in particular, in the remote sparsely populated Barents region and amongst the local communities of the region. However, there is concern about global climate change and its effect on the region and pollution from human activities, such as the extractive industrial activities, that are detrimental to safe and secure food supply chain. In this paper, I highlight the contribution of traditional foods to food security in the Barents region. In addition, the paper emphasized that value addition to these traditional foods will help to stimulate the economy by creating new jobs. Ultimately, ensuring food and nutrition security in a sustainable way within the region will help to build resilience and promote culture and ecology with a view to offering greater human and societal security.

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European Fantasy of the Arctic Region and the Rise of Indigenous Sámi Voices in the Global Arena

Toivanen

2019

Arctic Triumph

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In 325 BC the great Greek explorer Pytheas of Massalia travelled in the north of Scandinavia and wrote about the place where the sun never goes to sleep. His stories told about a sublime territory, cold and harsh, inhabited by an isolated, "backwards" people whose lives were shrouded with mystique. Since then, being so far away from civilisation, an imposed and dominating narrative took form in Europe about the region now called Lapland and the North Calotte. The place also became imagined as a cornucopia: a place of immense richness. In many ways, this narrative still lingers today. With examples from the Finnish context, this article argues, that the indigenous peoples of the Arctic are, still centuries after the voyages of Pytheas, the object of a European fantasy. They are framed as guardians of the treasure chest that is the Arctic and as an ancient people of 'nature' rather than "culture" and thus doomed to the unpolitical. They are all too rarely given agency. Still today, the states do not listen to their voices. However, the Sámi in the Arctic have today carved out another path to political leverage. They have taken part in the global narrative of indigenous resistance against the conquest and oppression by their states. This article presents examples from the Finnish context, where this global discourse has helped Sámi in Finland to reach the global centers of power in New York and Geneva and gain leverage with the state on land right issues. Adopting this global discourse however, requires indigenous minorities to adopt a specific narrative of "minority-ness"; it requires emphasis on unity and homogeneity and a history of violent conquest, even though the Sámi both historically and contemporarily are more complex and diverse than that. The adoption of this discursive strategy exemplifies the dialectic between disaster and triumph that lies in the core interest of this volume; finding the trail of success through a story of disaster. However, one can still ask on whose terms this current trail is cut out and who it will benefit in the end. Is it the states or the indigenous peoples? Introduction: European imaginaries about Lapland and its inhabitantsThe Greek explorer Pytheas of Massalia travelled in the north of Scandinavia around the same time when Alexander the Great conquered the world in the south (McPhail, 2014). It has been estimated that Pytheas was, if ever, conducting his travels around 325 BC. Later paraphrasers of his now lost work told about a land surrounded by ice where the sun never sets (Chevallier, 1984; Duffy, 2013, p. 125). The accounts of Pytheas' voyages influenced the stories told about to Arctic for centuries to come (Nansen, 2012, p. 44). The Arctic was for long an area which functioned as a "blank canvas upon which the European imagination could project sublime territories and beings", as Duffy (2013, p. 125-126) describes it. It was "shrouded in mystery" into the late 19th century (Ibid.). Since then, there has been a great variation of stories and myths about the region now c...

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Legal Protection of Sami Traditional Livelihoods from the Adverse Impacts of Mining: A Comparison of the Level of Protection Enjoyed by Sami in Their Four Home States

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Climate Change and Migration for Scandinavian Saami: A Review of Possible Impacts

Climate Change and Migration for Scandinavian Saami: A Review of Possible Impacts

Food and Nutrition Security as a Measure of Resilience in the Barents Region

European Fantasy of the Arctic Region and the Rise of Indigenous Sámi Voices in the Global Arena

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