Legal Framework of Cyber Security

Tikk, Eneken

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18302-2_8

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As there are more reasons to expect potential operationalization problems than to assume that the statistical computation is faulty, four brief checks are in order about the variables used. The first check is about the European Union, which has had a strong influence upon the domestic cyber security laws in its member states (Carvalho et al, 2020;Tikk-Ringas, 2015), and, to a lesser extent, upon international cyber norms. However, replacing the dummy variable of the small states with a dummy variable for the EU member states does not change the results notably.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To some degree, the aggressive deterrence strategies and other offensive tactics have had a corrosive effect upon shared cyber norms and their codification into international and domestic laws (Tikk-Ringas, 2015). In intentional power politics small states have usually the most to lose, and thus it is not surprising that cyber norms have been pushed forward particularly by small states.…”

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Cyber Capabilities and Cyber Power Incentivize International Cooperation?

Ruohonen¹

2020

Preprint

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This paper explores a research question about whether defensive and offensive cyber security power and the capabilities to exercise the power influence the incentives of nation-states to participate in bilateral and multilateral cooperation (BMC) through formal and informal agreements, alliances, and norms. Drawing from international relations in general and structural realism in particular, three hypotheses are presented for assessing the research question empirically: (i) increasing cyber capability lessens the incentives for BMC; (ii) actively demonstrating and exerting cyber power decreases the willingness for BMC; and (iii) small states prefer BMC for cyber security and politics thereto. According to a cross-country dataset of 29 countries, all three hypotheses are rejected. Although presenting a "negative result" with respect to the research question, the accompanying discussion contributes to the statecentric cyber security research in international relations and political science.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Cyber Capabilities and Cyber Power Incentivize International Cooperation?

Ruohonen¹

2020

Preprint

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Future Normative Challenges

Tikk¹

2021

The Oxford Handbook of Cyber Security

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The discussion of norms and international security ahead of us will be paved with fundamental differences between cyber superpowers—the United States, China and Russia—about the pace and direction of further adoption and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). These differences, combined with dogmatic gaps between international and national law, and international and national policy, all constitute obvious apertures for malicious and hostile actors to achieve their goals. Our normative attention to ICTs needs to be both hard and soft, high and low, national and international, reactive and anticipatory, all at the same time.

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