Legal and Regulatory Framework for Provision of First Aid and Education in First Aid in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Birkun, Alexei; Dezhurny, L. I.

doi:10.23934/2223-9022-2021-10-1-141-152

Neotložnaâ med. pomoŝʹ

2021

DOI: 10.23934/2223-9022-2021-10-1-141-152

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Legal and Regulatory Framework for Provision of First Aid and Education in First Aid in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Alexei Birkun

L. I. Dezhurny

Abstract: The likelihood of life recovery in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) critically depends on the speed of providing care. Basic bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in case of OHCA and automatic external defibrillation greatly increase the chances of survival. To ensure a high level of readiness of the population to provide first aid (FA), effective legal regulation is required. The article presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the current regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation gove… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications

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Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: assessing the problem status and identifying priority areas for improving the care provision. Data from the 2020-2022 Crimean registry

Birkun,

Frolova,

Buglak

2023

Russ J Cardiol

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Aim. To study the regional epidemiological characteristics of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), the process and effectiveness of care for OHCA, and identify priority areas for improving the care provision.Material and methods. An analysis of the data from the "Crimean registry of cases of OHCA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation" was performed. The study used data from 2020 to 2022. The analytical sample consisted of all OHCA cases developed before the ambulance arrival, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Results. Of the 356 OHCA cases occurred before the ambulance arrival, followed by CPR (2020 — 141, 2021 — 103, 2022 — 112), in 65,2% of cases (n=232) cardiac arrest developed in men, in 64,0% (n=228) — in city residents, 70,2% (n=250) — in private houses or apartments. The mean age was 59 years (median 62 years). The cause of 89,6% of OHCA cases (n=319) was disease, 3,9% (n=14) — drowning, 2,8% (n=10) — trauma, 2,0% (n=7) — asphyxia, 1,1% (n=4) — toxicity, 0,6% (n=2) — electrical injury. In addition, 7,3% (n=26) of patients survived. Bystanders attempted CPR before ambulance arrived in 27,2% (n=97) of cases. In cases where CPR was performed by bystanders, ambulance specialists were 2,5 times more likely to register a potentially shockable rhythm on the primary electrocardiogram (19,6% and 7,7%, respectively; p=0,001), 2,2 times more often performed defibrillation (22,7% and 10,4%, respectively; p=0,003). When defibrillation was performed, the proportion of survivors was 3,9 times higher than without defibrillation (20,4% and 5,2%, respectively; p=0,001).Conclusion. Conducting CPR by OHCA bystanders increases the success rate of CPR performed by ambulance team. However, bystanders rarely provide first aid, which causes a high mortality rate. To reduce mortality in OHCA, the attention should be focused on the development, implementation and regulatory support of measures aimed at involving the population in providing first aid. This should include regular population training in CPR, widespread popularization of first aid, remote provision of CPR instructions by emergency dispatchers to untrained OHCA bystanders and ensuring the availability of automated external defibrillators.

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Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: assessing the problem status and identifying priority areas for improving the care provision. Data from the 2020-2022 Crimean registry

Birkun,

Frolova,

Buglak

2023

Russ J Cardiol

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News as a Means of Popularization of First Aid Knowledge: Content Analysis of News Articles Related to Cases of Pediatric Cardiac Arrest in Schools and Kindergartens of Russia

Birkun

Samarin

Tupotilova

2023

Neotložnaâ med. pomoŝʹ

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RELEVANCE In Russia, insufficient motivation and low readiness of laypeople to provide first aid (FA) stipulate low rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and, as consequence, high mortality from cardiac arrest (CA). News reports on real cases of CA, in addition to describing circumstances of the event, may carry important information promoting FA provision among a wide audience. However, existing practice of presenting such content in Russian media sphere is unknown.AIM To investigate contemporary trends for presentation of information on the problem of CA and provision of help in CA in reports of online news media on the example of a news sample about cases of pediatric CA in kindergartens and schools of Russia.MATERIAL AND METHODS In August 2021, Google and Yandex were searched for Russian-language news reports describing cases of CA that happened in children in Russian schools and kindergartens in 2020, and structured content analysis of the news was carried out.RESULTS The study sample consisted of 207 news reports describing 21 unique case of CA. In 76.2% cases (n=16) CA occurred in children at school, in 23.8% cases (5) — at kindergarten. At least in 28.6% of cases (6) Emergency Medical Services providers did not attempt CPR at arrival on scene. FA provision by bystanders was described in two cases (9.5%), provision of help by medical employees of educational organizations — in six cases (28.6%). Only in one case (4.8%) the child was transferred to a hospital after successful resuscitation. In the rest of cases (n=20; 95.2%) biological death was verified on scene. Information on the value of FA for saving life in CA was present in one out of 207 news reports (0.5%); and there were no reports mentioning legal aspects of FA provision, describing procedure of FA in CA, or highlighting the importance of mass public resuscitation education.CONCLUSIONS News reports that describe cases of CA confirm high relevance of the problem, but do not carry important information related to popularization of FA knowledge. Inclusion of information on significance, principles and procedures of providing FA to CA victims into the content of the news reports is necessary for establishing positive public opinion and increasing motivation of the general population of Russia towards training in FA and FA provision. This in turn indicates the necessity for enhancing awareness of the professional journalistic community on the problem of FA provision in CA.

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Readiness of Teachers of General Education Institutions to Perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Birkun

Frolova²

2023

Neotložnaâ med. pomoŝʹ

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Кафедра общей хирургии, анестезиологии-реаниматологии и скорой медицинской помощи 1 ФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федеральный университет им. В.И. Вернадского», Институт «Медицинская академия им. С.И. Георгиевского» Российская Федерация, 295051, Симферополь, бульвар Ленина, д. 5/7 2 ГБУЗ Республики Крым «Крымский республиканский центр медицины катастроф и скорой медицинской помощи» Российская Федерация, Симферополь, ул. 60 лет Октября, д. 30 * Контактная информация: Биркун Алексей Алексеевич, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент; доцент кафедры общей хирургии, анестезиологии-реаниматологии и скорой медицинской помощи Института «Медицинская академия им. С.И. Георгиевского» ФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федеральный университет им. В.И. Вернадского».

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Legal and Regulatory Framework for Provision of First Aid and Education in First Aid in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: assessing the problem status and identifying priority areas for improving the care provision. Data from the 2020-2022 Crimean registry

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: assessing the problem status and identifying priority areas for improving the care provision. Data from the 2020-2022 Crimean registry

News as a Means of Popularization of First Aid Knowledge: Content Analysis of News Articles Related to Cases of Pediatric Cardiac Arrest in Schools and Kindergartens of Russia

Readiness of Teachers of General Education Institutions to Perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

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