Legacy of plaggen agriculture: High soil organic carbon stocks as result from high carbon input and volume increase

Urbanski, Livia; Schád, Péter; Kalbitz, Karsten; Mourik, Jan van; Gehrt, Ernst; Kögel‐Knabner, Ingrid

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115513

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Increases in MAOM-C in such soils will have little effect on the total SOC stock because their capacity to accrue C in MAOM is strongly limited and they are commonly dominated by C stored in POM 111 . Heathland or plaggen soils in northwestern Europe 45,112 , for example, are mostly sand-rich, the C content is uncorrelated to MAOM 45,113 , and they store exceptionally high C amounts in POM 113,114 . This POM likely persists due to high contents of lipids, aliphatic compounds, and sterols that mainly originate from heathland vegetation and sustained high inputs of organic matter 112,113 .…”

Section: Reconsidering Pom To Meet Specific Soil and Management Condi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heathland or plaggen soils in northwestern Europe 45,112 , for example, are mostly sand-rich, the C content is uncorrelated to MAOM 45,113 , and they store exceptionally high C amounts in POM 113,114 . This POM likely persists due to high contents of lipids, aliphatic compounds, and sterols that mainly originate from heathland vegetation and sustained high inputs of organic matter 112,113 . In our view, maintenance of and/or increase in C stocks in such sandy soils should be based on sustained inputs of "recalcitrant" organic matter with high C:N ratios, such as biochar 115 , to maintain and increase POM-C, rather than on a MAOM-focused approach using high-quality plant inputs 45 (Fig.…”

Section: Reconsidering Pom To Meet Specific Soil and Management Condi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unlocking complex soil systems as carbon sinks: multi-pool management as the key

et al. 2023

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Much research focuses on increasing carbon storage in mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM), in which carbon may persist for centuries to millennia. However, MAOM-targeted management is insufficient because the formation pathways of persistent soil organic matter are diverse and vary with environmental conditions. Effective management must also consider particulate organic matter (POM). In many soils, there is potential for enlarging POM pools, POM can persist over long time scales, and POM can be a direct precursor of MAOM. We present a framework for context-dependent management strategies that recognizes soils as complex systems in which environmental conditions constrain POM and MAOM formation.

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Section: Reconsidering Pom To Meet Specific Soil and Management Condi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reconsidering Pom To Meet Specific Soil and Management Condi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking complex soil systems as carbon sinks: multi-pool management as the key

et al. 2023

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“…Additionally, plaggen management of agricultural fields in many parts of Europe, for example, Netherlands (Spek, 2014), northern Belgium, Denmark (Blume & Leinweber, 2004), and Germany (Urbanski et al, 2022), during the 10th to early 20th century AD resulted in the formation of chemical enriched dark soils. Plaggic materials (e.g., topsoil clods of mineral soil, organic surface layer, and living plants) used as bedding in animal sheds was mixed with excrements and organic household wastes and then applied to fields (Blume & Leinweber, 2004).…”

Section: Origin and Distribution Of Adementioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic dark earth: Evolution, distribution, physical, and chemical properties

Asare

2022

European J Soil Science

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Anthropogenic dark earth (ADE) is a category of Anthrosols (anthropogenic soils) characterised by dark colour from homogeneous charcoal inclusion and extraordinary fertility compared with non-anthropogenic soils. The study aims to provide a detailed overview of the origin and distributions of ADEs, together with their physical and chemical characteristics, to reveal their fertility status for arable land use. According to this study, most studied ADEs are well distributed in tropical (Amazonian and African dark earth) and temperate (European dark earth) climatic regions. Middens are localised, with large-sized ones well preserved in the Arctic region due to the wet and cold weather conditions. The formation of ADE is mainly associated with deliberate and unintentional ancient human activities: deposition of domestic and occupational wastes, charred residues, biomass ashes, burning, and fertilisation of fields.

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“…The addition of plaggen material to the topsoils induced a volume increase as well as higher OC concentrations in the Ap horizons, resulting in significantly higher SOC stocks and fertility in the Plaggic Anthrosols compared to surrounding soils. The increase in yields, in turn resulted in higher in-situ OM input, most probably also contributing to high SOC stocks (Urbanski et al, 2022). Paddy soils occurring widely in Asia are also highly modified by specific paddy management operations, especially artificial submergence and drainage, ploughing and puddling (= ploughing and levelling the surface layer of a submerged soil), organic manuring (animal manure, rice straw, and other crop residues, often fermented with sediments taken from the river or channel), liming, and fertilization.…”

Section: Organic Carbon Sequestration In Soils Due To Historic Manage...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of soil organic carbon sequestration and implications for management

Kögel‐Knabner¹,

Wiesmeier²,

Mayer³

2022

Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science

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Organic carbon sequestration is delineated from the different mechanisms underlying the storage of organic matter in mineral soils. The scene is set with definitions of the major terms within the complex of organic matter formation in soils, followed by describing the types of organic matter entering the soil and the major processes during turnover and the protective mechanisms leading to organic matter storage in soils. Detritusphere and rhizosphere are identified as soil compartments with high and specific organic matter input. From the process complex of OM degradation and binding, the potential of different soils for sequestering organic carbon is delineated and its limitations discussed with regard to the possibility of C saturation of mineral soils. In the light of these considerations, soil management options are deduced either by increasing organic carbon inputs to the soil by improved land use/management practices or by decreasing organic carbon outputs.

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Legacy of plaggen agriculture: High soil organic carbon stocks as result from high carbon input and volume increase

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Unlocking complex soil systems as carbon sinks: multi-pool management as the key

Unlocking complex soil systems as carbon sinks: multi-pool management as the key

Anthropogenic dark earth: Evolution, distribution, physical, and chemical properties

Mechanisms of soil organic carbon sequestration and implications for management

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