Leg stiffness and joint stiffness while running to and jumping over an obstacle

Mauroy, Geoffrey; Schepens, Bénédicte; Willems, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.10.039

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It is manifested in various locomotions [11,[18][19][20]. Thus, they can increase or decrease muscle stiffness [14,[21][22][23]. Accordingly, it becomes possible to use the mechanism of elastic deformation in the muscles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer simulation of mechanisms to reduce the metabolic costs of running while taking into account the individual characteristics of the athlete

Shestakov,

Korchagin

2023

Technology in Sports - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Application [Working Title]

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Previous research demonstrates the relationship between the biomechanical characteristics of running and running economics (RE). An increase in results in cycle-based sports is connected with the improvement of motion biomechanics tailored for individual athletes. The purpose of the chapter is to conduct a computer simulation of the use of biomechanical mechanisms of the lower limb muscles during running, leading to a decrease in metabolic costs. Eight biathletes took part in the experiments: all from the top 30 world ratings at the time of the study. For experiments, we used a Qualisys motion capture system, a power plate (Tredmetrix) mounted on a treadmill, a Biodex-3 complex, and a Metamax-3 gas analyzer (Cortex). OpenSim software allows modeling based on collected experimental data. This study describes the methodology of an individual approach to the process of training elite-level athletes based on computer modeling. In particular, we studied the possibility of reducing metabolic costs when working above the anaerobic limit, that is, similar to the actual competitive speed for biathlon and cross-country skiing. The results of the model experiment clearly demonstrated that one of the potential ways to reduce metabolic costs during running is the individualization of the use of biomechanical mechanisms for performing repulsion in a running step.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer simulation of mechanisms to reduce the metabolic costs of running while taking into account the individual characteristics of the athlete

Shestakov,

Korchagin

2023

Technology in Sports - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Application [Working Title]

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“…To analyse the eventual inner-outer limb asymmetry between the variables a paired t-test (t) was used, along with a Cohen's d (d) value to analyse the effect size and interpreted as follows: < 0.19 = trivial, 0.20-0.59 = small, 0.60-1.19 = moderate, 1.20-1.99 = large, > 2.00 = very large [47]. When figures were presented by speed-class, the inter-subject grand means were shown at the following speed classes ([6,8), [8,10), [10,12), [12,14), [14,16), [16,18), [18,20), [20,22)), these groups were only used for the figures and not used for statistical tests.…”

Section: And Negative (W àmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In nature [5][6][7], in daily life or during sport activities [8][9][10], this steady state situation appears rather infrequently. External factors and/or circumstances often require modifying the gait pattern to accelerate/decelerate the body [11][12][13], to move on a soft yielding ground [14,15], to move upwards or downwards [16,17], to leap over an obstacle [18], etc. Most studies on human locomotion are done in a straight line, whereas daily, one rarely moves in only one direction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and mechanical work done to move the body centre of mass along a curve

Mesquita,

Willems,

Dewolf

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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When running on a curve, the lower limbs interact with the ground to redirect the trajectory of the centre of mass of the body (CoM). The goal of this paper is to understand how the trajectory of the CoM and the work done to maintain its movements relative to the surroundings (Wcom) are modified as a function of running speed and radius of curvature. Eleven participants ran at different speeds on a straight line and on circular curves with a 6 m and 18 m curvature. The trajectory of the CoM and Wcom were calculated using force-platforms measuring the ground reaction forces and infrared cameras recording the movements of the pelvis. To follow a circular path, runners overcompensate the rotation of their trajectory during contact phases. The deviation from the circular path increases when the radius of curvature decreases and speed increases. Interestingly, an asymmetry between the inner and outer lower limbs emerges as speed increases. The method to evaluate Wcom on a straight-line was adapted using a referential that rotates at heel strike and remains fixed during the whole step cycle. In an 18 m radius curve and at low speeds on a 6 m radius, Wcom changes little compared to a straight-line run. Whereas at 6 m s-1 on a 6 m radius, Wcom increases by ~25%, due to an augmentation in the work to move the CoM laterally. Understanding these adaptations provides valuable insight for sports sciences, aiding in optimizing training and performance in sports with multidirectional movements.

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“…Running humans adjust their stride length 4-6 steps in advance of the obstacle to place the foot in a suitable position for take-off [2][3][4]. The body is then lowered and leg stiffness modulated in the last two steps before take-off to facilitate the vertical redirection of the body centre of mass [5,6]. Finally, both anticipatory and online control of lower limb trajectories are used during the flight phase to avoid any part of the body colliding with the obstacle [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuomotor control of leaping over a raised obstacle is sensitive to small baseline displacements

Daniels

Burn

2021

R. Soc. open sci.

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The limb kinematics used for stepping or leaping over an obstacle are determined primarily by visual sensing of obstacle position and geometry. In this study, we demonstrate that changes are induced in limb kinematics even when obstacle geometry is manipulated in a way that does not introduce a mechanical requirement for a change of limb trajectory nor increase risk of collision. Human participants performed a running leap over a single raised obstacle bar. Kinematic changes were measured when an identical second bar was introduced at a ground level underneath the obstacle and displaced by a functionally insignificant distance along the axis of travel. The presence or absence of a baseline directly beneath the highest extremity had no significant effect on limb kinematics. However, displacing the baseline horizontally induced a horizontal translation of limb trajectory in the direction of the displacement. These results show that systematic changes to limb trajectories can occur in the absence of a change in sensed mechanical constraints or optimization. The nature of visuomotor control of human leaping may involve a continuous mapping of sensory input to kinematic output rather than one responsive only to information perceived to be mechanically relevant.

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Leg stiffness and joint stiffness while running to and jumping over an obstacle

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

Computer simulation of mechanisms to reduce the metabolic costs of running while taking into account the individual characteristics of the athlete

Computer simulation of mechanisms to reduce the metabolic costs of running while taking into account the individual characteristics of the athlete

Kinetics and mechanical work done to move the body centre of mass along a curve

Visuomotor control of leaping over a raised obstacle is sensitive to small baseline displacements

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