Left Ventricular Twist Mechanics in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Assessed by Three-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography

Correlations between echocardiographic aortic elastic properties and left ventricular rotation and twist – Insights from the three‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiographic MAGYAR‐Healthy Study

“…Urbano‐Moral et al . have demonstrated that patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy shows increased peak LV twist which is mainly dependent on the apical rotation of those with LV outflow tract obstruction, onset of torsion recoil occuring close to the aortic valve closure, limited completion of untwist during early diastole, and delayed peak untwist velocity (Urbano‐Moral et al ., ).…”

“…However, the results obtained by the echocardiographic method used correlate well with those from invasive methods (Stefanadis et al ., ). Temporal resolution of 3D acquisition for speckle‐tracking analysis is low as compared to 2D echocardiography, which can affect the good tracking of speckles. Moreover, to achieve rapid frame or volume rates, the 3D sector angle must be reduced in most of cases which could aggrevate the evaluation of the LV (Urbano‐Moral et al ., ; Lilli et al ., ). This was a single‐centre experience and limited by a relatively small number of healthy volunteers. The study would have been statistically stronger, if larger number of subjects had been evaluated. Due to the facts, that little is known regarding to the factors affecting rotational mechanics of the heart, heterogeneity of population and etiologies (age, gender etc.)…”

Correlation between myocardial deformation on three‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing

“…Diastolic dysfunction has been attributed to a prolonged untwisting phase and has a significant influence on LV early diastolic filling . Because the peak of the untwisting rate in healthy individuals occurs at 10%–20% of the diastolic phase, a significant delay of the peak untwisting rate can be observed in patients with diastolic dysfunction . Thus, the peak point of the untwisting phase occurs before 25% of the total untwisting duration, but the peak point in the delayed untwisting phase may occur later in patients with diastolic dysfunction.…”

Estimating the Myocardium's Angle of Three-Dimensional Trajectory, Using the Tracking of Sequential Two-Dimensional Echocardiography Images

“…Urbano Moral et al26) reported the average rotation in the base and apex levels as -2.6 ± 1.6° and +8.2 ± 3.6°, respectively using the speckle tracking of 3-dimensional echocardiography images. This study was carried out using an Artida 4D system (Toshiba Medical Systems, Tustin, CA, USA) that according to the instructions of its manufacturer, measures the rotation in two base and apex levels.…”