“…Let A and B denote two measured variables and
their ratio. In this case, R is typically viewed as “higher‐order.” Some other examples of ratios include waist‐to‐hip ratio (Carlsson et al.,
2020), total cholesterol to low‐density lipoprotein (Arsenault et al.,
2009), the ratio of urinary albumin to creatinine (Heerspink et al.,
2020), left ventricular ejection fraction (stroke volume divided by end‐diastolic volume) (Fabijanovic et al.,
2019), and resting heart rate (beats‐per‐minute, BPM) (Seviiri et al.,
2017). Further examples can be found in Kronmal (
1993).…”