Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Chronic Kidney Disease in Sulaimani City

Abstract

Background 
 Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent predictor for cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease (CKD).
 Objectives 
 To find relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy and CKD stages during predialysis period and assess risk factors in CKD patients for left ventricular hypertrophy.
 Methods
 This cross-sectional study of 125 participant with CKD was conducted at Shar Teaching Hospital of Nephrology department, Sulaimani, Iraq. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was measured by using two-dimensional echocardiogram in the left decubitus position. LVH was labeled when the left ventricular mass index was >115 g/m² in men, and >95 g/m² in women on echocardiogram. We analyzed the baseline characteristic in 125 patients with chronic kidney diseaase. All patients underwent laboratory investigations which included serum creatinine, complete blood count, serum calcium, phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone, high density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-C, low density lipoprotein LDL-C, triglyceride, and total cholesterol with urine albumin to creatinine ratio.
 Results 
 The mean age was 55.27± 14.51 years(male 60.0%, female 40.0%), and the prevalence of LVH was 68.0%, and it was increased with progressive decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) (P =0.005). independent risk factors for LVH were anemia (P =0.000), systolic and diastolic BP (P =0.000; P =0.001 respectively), intact PTH (P =0.038), body mass index BMI(P =0.045), serum calcium (P =0.003),serum phosphate (P =0.001) and majority of lipid profiles. 
 Conclusion
 There was a high prevalence of LVH in the CKD patients and it was increased with progressively decline in renal function. There was a significant association between systolic and diastolic BP, intact PTH, hemoglobin level, BMI, and minerals with LVH in CKD patients.