Left superior vena cava connection to unroofed coronary sinus associated with positional cyanosis: Successful transcatheter treatment using Gianturco-Grifka vascular occlusion device

Guidelines for the Echocardiographic Assessment of Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Foramen Ovale: From the American Society of Echocardiography and Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions

“…6,37 In the setting of partial coronary sinus unroofing, percutaneous transcatheter device closure might be possible in some cases. 38,39 Common Atrium. Rarely, all components of the atrial septum, including the septum primum, septum secundum, and AV canal septum are absent, resulting in a common atrium.…”

Partially Unroofed Coronary Sinus: MDCT and MRI Findings

“…Surgical management of un-roofed coronary sinus syndrome consists of roofing the coronary sinus from within the left atrium by simple closure of the defect [21]. For patients with PLSVC, percutaneous closure of the PLSVC draining into the left atrium with coils or insertion of a covered stent in the coronary sinus can be performed to correct this anomaly and prevent cerebral embolization and brain abscess due to a right-to-left shunt [12,22,23].…”

Late Presentation of Persistent Left Superior Caval Vein in a Univentricular Heart with Successful Transcutaneous Occlusion Using Cera Lifetech Atrial Septal Occluder

“…Although this drainage to the left atrium is commonly asymptomatic, it may cause in some cases hypoxemia, cyanosis, clubbing of the nail bed, and some major complications like paradoxical embolization [4, 6, 8]. This may be more exaggerated in patients with univentricular hearts where the systemic venous pressure is always higher than left atrial pressure.…”