Left behind? Internally migrating children and the ontological crisis of formal education systems in South Asia

Dyer, Caroline; Rajan, Vijitha

doi:10.1080/03057925.2021.1907175

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The results in Table 3 indicate a low attendance of pastoral children in formal schools compared to children from families with formal employment. The findings agree with the research conducted by Dyer (2021), who studied the relationship between formal education and pastoralists in Western India. As indicated, most of the respondents who participated in the survey did not have formal education.…”

Section: Level Of Educationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Impact of Climate Change on Sustainable Pastoral Livelihoods in Loima Sub-County, Turkana County, Kenya

Imana¹,

Zenda²

2023

S Afr. Jnl. Agric. Ext.

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Climate change and variability have adversely affected communities’ pastoral livelihoods in Kenya. The study aimed to investigate sustaining pastoral livelihoods in a changing climate in Loima Sub-County, Turkana County, Kenya. A total of 59 pastoralists were interviewed using a questionnaire. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software Version 22. SPSS employed descriptive statistical techniques like frequencies, percentages, cross-tabulations and proportions, means, and standard deviation. Pie charts, graphs, figures, and tables were used to present the data analysis output. Climate has been observed to vary continuously by pastoralists. Climate hazards mostly reported were livestock diseases and the frequency of droughts. The findings also indicated that livestock keepers preferred to graze their livestock on mountains/hills. Pasture and water availability and security determine the pattern of livestock movement. Pastoralists adopted various strategies to cope with climatic changes. Some of these strategies included diverse utilisation of livestock products, controlled grazing, herd diversification, and labour distribution among household members. In conclusion, climatic change and variability effects on the livelihoods of the pastoralists are evident. However, they have diversified ways of adapting and coping with these catastrophes to sustain themselves. To avert the effects of climate change, Turkana agriculture extension officers should focus on value addition to livestock products, provision of livestock insurance schemes, veterinary services, and livestock disease surveillance. Furthermore, agriculture extension needs to develop and enforce livestock policies and develop appropriate contingency plans. Among the policies recommended are- the management of grazing areas, regulations on migratory routes, and rules governing the use of water sources.

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Section: Level Of Educationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Impact of Climate Change on Sustainable Pastoral Livelihoods in Loima Sub-County, Turkana County, Kenya

Imana¹,

Zenda²

2023

S Afr. Jnl. Agric. Ext.

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“…In our interviews, this practice was only reported by a few families and it was not yet a general trend. Still, in our focus group discussion the participants highlighted the limited access to social services like education and health as a major challenge, which is in line with the situation nomadic herders face in Africa (Dika et al, 2021;Gammino et al, 2020), South America (Caine, 2021) and other parts of Asia (Dyer & Rajan, 2023).…”

Section: Future Of Traditional Herdingsupporting

confidence: 59%

What will the future bring? – Socio-economic challenges to herder households in the Dzungarian Gobi, Mongolia

Michler,

Kaczensky,

Batsukh

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Nomadic pastoralism is still practiced by around one-third of the Mongolian population. Recent socio-economic constraints have challenged pastoral livelihoods and led to declines in herder household numbers. Meanwhile, livestock numbers have risen countrywide, threatening overall rangeland health and biodiversity conservation. In the Mongolian Gobi, herder families fully depend on livestock production. Little is known about the current and future trends of their livelihoods and its compatibility with protected area goals to reduce livestock numbers. We combined data from semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions in the Great Gobi B strictly protected area with secondary data on regional and national herder household income and livestock numbers. We determined the importance of social networks, the willingness to continue a herding lifestyle, and the involvement of herders in the protected area management. Our data confirmed that herding is no longer centred around a subsistence lifestyle but rather around cashmere production. Herder families are currently still increasing livestock numbers, which is counter to protected area goals. Costs for education, health care, travelling, and modern communication are high in the economic reality of a market economy and drive the need to increase livestock numbers. Most of the young herder generation are employed urban centres with limited time to support the family herding household. Herders, despite valuing pastures within protected areas, faced challenges due to inadequate communication and conflicting livestock numbers goals. We conclude that herders in the Great Gobi B SPA are reaching livestock numbers which are neither socio-economically nor ecologically sustainable.

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“…To this we would add tranformations in childhoods and, to illustrate this point, that one of the key elements of the socialist experience is related to the predominance of the "schooled child" in socialist modernity. This means that children in herding families in Mongolia today are themselves children of formerly schooled children, which not only attests to the socialist legacy but is also a stark point of difference between Mongolia and countries across South Asia and Africa, where high proportions of children in herding families are, and will remain for the foreseeable future, "unschooled" (Dyer, 2014;Dyer and Rajan, 2021;Krätli and Dyer, 2009).…”

Section: (Post)socialism and Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boarding schools in transition: A post-socialist analysis of “relevance” as an education policy problem in Mongolia

2022

Self Cite

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The rural boarding schools that were established in the socialist era to serve children in Mongolia’s herding communities remain integral to national policy for ensuring universal access to formal education. Education policy actors demonstrate commitment to the socialist legacy of the schooled herder child, while at the same posing legitimate questions as to boarding schools’ quality and contemporary relevance. This questioning is framed with reference to a globally-orientated discourse of standards, outcomes measurement and skills for employability. The paper argues from a post-socialist perspective that this orientation forecloses a nuanced, contextualised understanding of “relevance” as a complex educational policy problem. Drawing on policy documents and secondary literature, it develops and applies a post-socialist conceptual framework to explore the temporal and spatial orientations of rural boarding schools and their “relevance”. The analysis evidences multiple, intersecting layers of change which situate the schooled herder child and constitute Mongolia”s “unfinished business of socialism” in education. The paper concludes that the layering revealed in this analysis needs to be more visible to educational policy; and that to resist oversimplifying the complex problem of education”s relevance is an ontological imperative.

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Left behind? Internally migrating children and the ontological crisis of formal education systems in South Asia

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Impact of Climate Change on Sustainable Pastoral Livelihoods in Loima Sub-County, Turkana County, Kenya

Impact of Climate Change on Sustainable Pastoral Livelihoods in Loima Sub-County, Turkana County, Kenya

What will the future bring? – Socio-economic challenges to herder households in the Dzungarian Gobi, Mongolia

Boarding schools in transition: A post-socialist analysis of “relevance” as an education policy problem in Mongolia

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