Left Behind: Chronic Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean

Abstract

This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily refl ect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifi cally reserved.

To Impute or not to Impute? A Review of Alternative Poverty Estimation Methods in the Context of Unavailable Consumption Data

“…These include such variables as ethnicity, religion, language, place of birth, and parental education, which provide the connectors between different rounds of cross sections with the appropriate age adjustments. For example, the cohorts 23 For example, recent applications and further validations of these synthetic panels methods include Ferreira et al (2013), Cruces et al (2015), and Vakis et al (2015) for Latin American countries, Bourguignon, Moreno, and Dang (2018) and Foster and Rothbaum (2015) for Mexico, Balcazar et al (2018) for Colombia, Martinez et al (2013) for the Philippines, Garbero (2014) for Vietnam, Cancho et al (2015) for countries in Europe and Central Asia, Dang and Ianchovichina (forthcoming) for countries in the Middle East and North Africa region, Dang and Dabalen (in press) and Dang, Lanjouw and Swinkels (2017) for Sub-Saharan African countries, and Dang and Lanjouw (2017 and forthcoming) for India, Vietnam, and the United States. Researchers at international organizations including the UNDP and the Asian Development Bank have also applied these methods for analysis of welfare mobility (UNDP, 2016;Jha et al, 2018); see also OECD (2015) for an application by the OECD to study labor transitions in richer countries.…”

What can be expected from productive inclusion programs?

“…Lifting people out of poverty requires a combination of policy actions, ranging from supporting economic growth and improving the environment surrounding the poor, to education and social policies [11]. It is important to have realistic expectations about the possible impacts of productive inclusion and social protection programs.…”

“…Previous work of the author contains a larger number of background references for the material presented here and has been used intensively in all major parts of this article [6], [11], [13]. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.…”

Índice de pobreza multivariante a través de la III Encuesta Nacional de Presupuestos Famililares 2004-2005

“…Adicionalmente, se reservan significativos recursos para la generación de datos estadísticos sobre el grado y las características de la pobreza, orientados a la formulación de políticas públicas (PNUD 2013, Vakis et al 2015, BID 2014.…”