Left and right displaced abomasum and abomasal volvulus: comparison of clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings in 1982 dairy cows

Braun, Ueli; Nuss, Karl; Reif, Sarah; Hilbe, Monika; Gerspach, Christian

doi:10.1186/s13028-022-00656-9

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…A more pronounced distension of the displaced abomasum in non-survivors compared to survivors presumably also explains why the displaced abomasum was palpable rectally and was visible from the right side, caudal to the last rib, more frequently in non-survivors compared to survivors. Similar findings were previously reported [ 5 , 8 ]. One earlier study, however, found no difference in productive outcome based on the width of the positive percussion auscultation area or the rectally palpable abomasum [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In a recent retrospective study, cows with RDA and AV had a lower mean pH and higher specific gravity in urine than cows with LDA [ 5 ]. Moreover, marked hematuria and glucosuria was a more frequent finding in cows with AV than in cows with LDA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical differentiation between RDA and AV during a clinical examination can be challenging, even ultrasonographically. The diagnosis of AV thus generally requires confirmation during surgery [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preoperative and Surgical Predictors of the Treatment Outcome of Dairy Cows with Right Abomasal Displacement—A Retrospective Study of 234 Cases

Proios,

Grünberg

2023

Animals

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The displacement of the abomasum to the right (RDA) is a common condition regularly encountered in dairy cows, which requires urgent surgical correction. The survival of the patient primarily depends on early diagnosis and timely treatment, but other factors contributing to the outcome have been discussed in the literature. The objective of this study was to identify preoperative clinical, hematological, as well as intraoperative parameters that are associated with the prognosis of cows with RDA or abomasal volvulus (AV). This retrospective study included patients admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital over a period of 6 years with a diagnosis of RDA or AV. A total of 234 cows were included, of which 193 were discharged after treatment and thus classified as survivors. In contrast, 41 cases died or were euthanized during or after surgery and were categorized as non-survivors. Non-survivors showed more severe dehydration, higher heart rate, lower sodium, as well as higher L-lactate and phosphorus concentration in their blood prior to surgery compared with the survivors. During surgery, the abomasum of non-survivors was markedly dilated and twisted more frequently than in survivors. The results presented here can facilitate the early identification of animals with poor prognosis requiring more intensive peri- and postoperative care.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preoperative and Surgical Predictors of the Treatment Outcome of Dairy Cows with Right Abomasal Displacement—A Retrospective Study of 234 Cases

Proios,

Grünberg

2023

Animals

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“…Further diagnostic measures must be instituted if the aetiology cannot be determined. The results of BSA and/or PSA were positive on the right side in 65.9% of cattle with intussusception, which was much lower than test results in cows with abomasal volvulus (99.4%), 39 right displaced abomasum (98.6%) 39 and caecal dilatation/torsion (90%). 40 We assume that cows with the latter conditions accumulate larger amounts of fluid and gas in the intestinal tract; therefore, positive BSA and PSA are more prevalent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

A retrospective review of small intestinal intussusception in 126 cattle in Switzerland

Braun

Gerspach

Volz

et al. 2023

Veterinary Record Open

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Background Intussusception is a form of ileus of the intestines in which an oral intestinal segment slides into the adjacent aboral intestinal segment, causing obstruction of the bowel. Methods We analysed the medical records of 126 cattle with intussusception of the small intestine. Results Demeanour and appetite were abnormal in 123 cattle. Non‐specific signs of pain occurred in 26.2%, signs of visceral pain in 46.8% and signs of parietal pain in 56.4%. Intestinal motility was decreased or absent in 93.7% of the cattle. The most common findings of transrectal palpation were rumen dilation (37.3%) and dilated small intestines (24.6%). In 96% of the cattle, the rectum was empty or contained little faeces. The principal laboratory findings were hypokalaemia (89.6%), hypocalcaemia (76.5%), base excess (72.9%), hypochloraemia (71.8%), azotaemia (62.1%) and haemoconcentration (61.1%). The main ultrasonographic findings were reduced or absent intestinal motility (98.2%) and dilated small intestines (96.0%). A diagnosis of ileus was made in 87.8% and a diagnosis of ileus attributable to intussusception was made in another 9.8%. Right‐flank laparotomy was carried out in 114 cattle. Fifty‐six (44.4%) cows were discharged. Conclusions Clinical findings of intussusception in cattle are often non‐specific. Ultrasonography may be required to diagnose ileus.

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“…The collection and examination of blood, urine and rumen fluid were done as previously described [ 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torsion of the spiral colon in cattle– a retrospective analysis of 58 cases

Braun,

Gerspach,

Volz

et al. 2024

Acta Vet Scand

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Background Torsion of the spiral colon (TSC) describes twisting of the spiral colon around its mesentery. The present study reviewed the medical records of 58 cows and heifers with TSC and described the findings, treatment and outcome. Results All cases had an abnormal general condition, and the main vital sign abnormalities were tachycardia (72.4%), tachypnoea (67.2%) and decreased rectal temperature (51.8%). Signs of colic were seen in 62.1% of the cows. The most common intestinal abnormalities were an empty or almost empty rectum (96.6%), reduced or absent rumen motility (93.2%), positive ballottement and/or percussion and simultaneous auscultation on the right side of the abdomen (87.9%), reduced or absent intestinal motility (84.5%) and dilatation of the large intestines (spiral colon and/or caecum, 70.7%) diagnosed by transrectal palpation. The main biochemical changes were hypermagnesaemia (70.8%), hypocalcaemia (70.8%), and acidosis (66.7%). Haemoconcentration was found in 63.8%. The main ultrasonographic findings were reduced to absent small intestinal motility (83.3%), dilated small intestines (69.6%) and ascites (66.7%). The spiral colon was dilated in 44.0% of the cows and the caecum in 24.0%. The actual site of torsion could not be visualised. Based on the clinical findings, TSC was diagnosed in 22.4% and caecal dilatation in 50.0% of the cows. A tentative diagnosis of small intestinal ileus was made in another 10.3% of the cows, and a definitive diagnosis of small intestinal ileus in 17.3%. Fifty-three cows underwent right flank laparotomy, and the TSC could be reduced in 26. Twenty-six of the 58 (44.8%) cows were discharged and 32 (55.2%) were euthanased before, during or after surgery. Conclusions Acute illness, a sparse amount of faeces in the rectum and dilated spiral colon and caecum are characteristic findings of TSC. The final diagnosis often relies on the surgical or postmortem findings. Cattle with TSC should be treated surgically without delay. The prognosis is guarded with a survival rate of 44.8%.

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Left and right displaced abomasum and abomasal volvulus: comparison of clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings in 1982 dairy cows

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Preoperative and Surgical Predictors of the Treatment Outcome of Dairy Cows with Right Abomasal Displacement—A Retrospective Study of 234 Cases

Preoperative and Surgical Predictors of the Treatment Outcome of Dairy Cows with Right Abomasal Displacement—A Retrospective Study of 234 Cases

A retrospective review of small intestinal intussusception in 126 cattle in Switzerland

Torsion of the spiral colon in cattle– a retrospective analysis of 58 cases

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