Leflunomide: Traditional immunosuppressant with concurrent antiviral effects

Zheng, Kunyu; Chen, Yiran; Liu, Suying; He, Chengmei; Yang, Yajiang; Wu, Di; Wang, Li; Li, Mengtao; Zeng, Xiaofeng; Zhang, Fengchun

doi:10.1111/1756-185x.14491

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 75 publications

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“…Leflunomide and fluoroquinolones are readily available and relatively well-tolerated. However, leflunomide has a potential risk of leukopenia, peripheral neuropathy, gastrointestinal effects, and liver dysfunction or damage[ 57 ]. Fluoroquinolones pose a risk of gastrointestinal effects, tendinitis, tendinopathy, tendon rupture, aortic aneurysm and dissection, neuropathy, arrhythmia, and labile blood sugars[ 58 ] and potentially higher rates of fluoroquinolone-resistant infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BK viral infection: A review of management and treatment

Gorriceta,

Lopez Otbo,

Uehara

et al. 2023

World J Transplant

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BK viral infection remains to be a challenging post-transplant infection, which can result in kidney dysfunction. The mainstay approach to BK infection is reduction of immunosuppression. Alterations in immunosuppressive regimen with minimization of calcineurin inhibitors, use of mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors, and leflunomide have been attempted with variable outcomes. Over the past few years, investigators have explored potential therapeutic options for BK infection. Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis and treatment was found to have no benefit in kidney transplant recipients. The utility of cidofovir is limited by its nephrotoxicity. Intravenous immunoglobulin is becoming a popular option for treatment and prophylaxis for BK infection, as it increases the neutralizing antibody titers against the most common BK virus serotypes. Virus-specific T cell therapy is an emerging treatment option for BK viremia. In this review, we will explore management and therapeutic options for BK infection and recent evidence available in literature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BK viral infection: A review of management and treatment

Gorriceta,

Lopez Otbo,

Uehara

et al. 2023

World J Transplant

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical Properties of Novel Heterocyclic Azo Dyes and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity as an Active Sunscreen Agent

Surendranaik,

Venkatesh,

Ereshanaik

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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We synthesized some novel isoxazole azo derivatives using conventional methods and studied their linear, non‐linear optical properties and antioxidant activity. UV‐Vis spectroscopy revealed absorption bands ranging from 310–470 nm for the obtained compounds. Compounds 3 c and 3 b, for example, showed a large redshift and solvatochromic behavior. NLO analysis results show that compounds exhibit a greater NLO response than the magnitude of urea done by the DFT method. The electrochemical properties of compounds are studied using cyclic voltammetry and results are used for calculation of HOMO and LUMO experimentally. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized azo dyes displayed that 3 c has excellent antioxidant activity with the highest percentage (71.54605 %) of radical inhibition as compared to reference standard Vit‐C. Molecular docking analysis shows that compounds have a strong binding affinity in the range of −7.0 to −4.6 kcal/mol compared to Vit‐C, which has a binding affinity of −3.6 kcal/mol. The sun protection factor performance was determined by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, and results show that compounds are most effective, exhibit a remarkable SPF value, and offer superior sun protection by absorbing UV rays.

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