Leeches (Hirudinea) their structure, physiology, ecology and embryology / by K.H. Mann. With an appendix on the systematics of marine leeches, by E. W. Knight-Jones.

Mann, K. H.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.7350

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Differently from other Annelids (i.e., oligochaetes and polychaetes), leeches have a parenchymatous body and a reduced coelom [19, 20]. As previously mentioned, the anatomy of leech is relatively simple (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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AIF-1 and RNASET2 Play Complementary Roles in the Innate Immune Response of Medicinal Leech

et al. 2018

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Recent studies demonstrated that allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) and RNASET2 act as chemoattractants for macrophages and modulate the inflammatory processes in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The expression of these proteins significantly increases after bacterial infection; however, the mechanisms by which they regulate the innate immune response are still poorly defined. Here, we evaluate the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide injection on the expression pattern of these genes and the interrelation between them during innate immune response in the medicinal leech, an invertebrate model with a simple anatomy and a marked similarity with vertebrates in inflammatory processes. Collectively, prokaryotic-eukaryotic co-cultures and in vivo infection assays suggest that RNASET2 and AIF-1 play a crucial role in orchestrating a functional cross-talk between granulocytes and macrophages in leeches, resulting in the activation of an effective response against pathogen infection. RNASET2, firstly released by granulocytes, likely plays an early antibacterial role. Subsequently, AIF-1⁺ RNASET2-recruited macrophages further recruit other macrophages to potentiate the antibacterial inflammatory response. These experimental data are in keeping with the notion of RNASET2 acting as an alarmin-like molecule whose role is to locally transmit a “danger” signal (such as a bacterial infection) to the innate immune system in order to trigger an appropriate host response.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…1): underneath the epithelium, muscle fibers are organized in fields, surrounded by a scant extracellular matrix. The muscular sac is separated from the inner digestive tube by a loose connective tissue containing the botryoidal and the vasofibrous tissues [19-21], from which most of the myeloid lineages-derived leucocytes arise [18]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AIF-1 and RNASET2 Play Complementary Roles in the Innate Immune Response of Medicinal Leech

et al. 2018

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“…The central mouth opening is sealed by a velum behind which the retractable tripartite jaw apparatus is positioned [21,22]. The posterior suction disc consists of the last seven body segments and does not possess an orifice (figure 1b) [22,23]. A characteristic morphological feature of the posterior attachment organ is a joint-like constriction between itself and the rest of the body providing the leech with high moving flexibility [22,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional morphology of suction discs and attachment performance of the Mediterranean medicinal leech (Hirudo verbanaCarena)

Kampowski

Eberhard

Gallenmüller

et al. 2016

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Medicinal leeches use their suction discs for locomotion, adhesion to the host and, in the case of the anterior disc, also for blood ingestion. The biomechanics of their suction-based adhesion systems has been little understood until now. We investigated the functional morphology of the anterior and posterior suckers of Hirudo verbana by using light and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, we analysed the adhesion qualitatively and quantitatively by conducting behavioural and mechanical experiments. Our high-speed video analyses provide new insights into the attachment and detachment processes and we present a detailed description of the leech locomotion cycle. Pull-off force measurements of the anterior and posterior suction organs on seven different substrates under both aerial and water-submersed conditions reveal a significant influence of the surrounding medium, the substrate surface roughness and the tested organ on attachment forces and tenacities.

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“…Acanthobdellids and most piscicolid leeches have a specialized body region near the gonopores, i.e. copulatory area (copulatory region) where the spermatophores are usually implanted (BRUMPT, 1900;HARANT and GRASSÉ, 1959;MANN 1961;SAWYER, 1986;FERNÁNDEZ et al, 1992;WI¥TEK et al, 2007). In most piscicolid leeches just beneath the copulatory area a specialized form of connective tissue i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…acanthobdellids, rhynchobdellids and erpobdellids) the spermatophores may be implanted anywhere in the body and then the spermatozoa must reach the ovary somehow. The way of sperm migration through the body wall and internal spaces or organs towards the ovaries is poorly known (MANN, 1961;WI¥TEK et al, 2007). Acanthobdellids and most piscicolid leeches have a specialized body region near the gonopores, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm Transfer Through the Vector Tissue in Piscicola Respirans (Clitellata, Hirudinea, Piscicolidae)

Świątek¹,

Świder²,

Bielecki³

2009

Zoologica Poloniae

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In fish leeches (Piscicolidae) indirect (hypodermic) insemination has evolved, thus the spermatophores are released in the specialised region of the body wall known as a copulatory area or a copulatory region. The way in which the spermatozoa reach the ovaries is not fully understood. In piscicolids beneath the copulatory area there is a specialized connective tissue (vector tissue), which is thought to guide the spermatozoa toward the ovaries. To date the structure of the vector tissue has not been observed in copulating specimens, which have spermatophores implanted in their coplulatory area. Here we present the first ultrastructural observation of massive sperm transfer from the spermatophore throughout the vector tissue to the ovaries. Our results show that the sperm transfer is both massive and rapid. The migrating spermatozoa form huge aggregations which push aside the vector tissue cells, in such a way that between these cells voluminous gaps are formed. Unexpectedly to our previous suggestions, the ultrastructural pictures show that the long cytoplasmic processes of granular cells, which constitute the main mass of the vector tissue, are not engaged in sperm transport. We suggest that the sperm is pumped with a high pressure from the spermatophore into the vector tissue, and as a result the vector tissue cells are pushed aside and spermatozoa can freely pass between them.

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Leeches (Hirudinea) their structure, physiology, ecology and embryology / by K.H. Mann. With an appendix on the systematics of marine leeches, by E. W. Knight-Jones.

Abstract: The Germination of Seeds my wife for her assistance in proof reading and Mrs. G. I. Smillie for patiently typing and re-typing the script. Professor Knight-Jones wishes to acknowledge the help given towards the appendix on marine leeches by Dr. N. Tebble of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

AIF-1 and RNASET2 Play Complementary Roles in the Innate Immune Response of Medicinal Leech

AIF-1 and RNASET2 Play Complementary Roles in the Innate Immune Response of Medicinal Leech

Functional morphology of suction discs and attachment performance of the Mediterranean medicinal leech (Hirudo verbanaCarena)

Sperm Transfer Through the Vector Tissue in Piscicola Respirans (Clitellata, Hirudinea, Piscicolidae)

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