Lectins in Quality Control: Calnexin and Calreticulin

Gupta, Garima

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1065-2_2

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 190 publications

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“…The QC system consists of calreticulin (CRT) and lectin chaperones calnexin (CNX), as well as the cochaperone ERp57, a glycoprotein-specific thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase; ‘calreticulin/calnexin cycle’ is composed of these factors (Fig. 5 ) 35 . In this study, the expression of protein disulfide isomerase A4 (PDIA4) was upregulated to promote correct protein folding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms detected in yak lung tissue via transcriptome-wide analysis provide insights into adaptation to high altitudes

Guo

Zheng

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Due to their long-term colonization of and widespread distribution in plateau environments, yaks can serve as an ideal natural animal model for the adaptive evolution of other plateau species, including humans. Some studies reported that the lung and heart are two key organs that show adaptive transcriptional changes in response to high altitudes, and most of the genes that show differential expression in lung tissue across different altitudes display nonlinear regulation. To explore the molecular mechanisms that are activated in yak lung tissue in response to hypoxia, the mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs of lung tissue from 9 yaks living at three different altitudes (3400 m, 4200 m and 5000 m), with three repetitions per altitude, were sequenced. Two Zaosheng cattle from 1500 m were selected as low-altitude control. A total of 21,764 mRNAs, 14,168 lncRNAs and 1209 miRNAs (305 known and 904 novel miRNAs) were identified. In a comparison of yaks and cattle, 4975 mRNAs, 3326 lncRNAs and 75 miRNAs were differentially expressed. A total of 756 mRNAs, 346 lncRNAs and 83 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed among yaks living at three different altitudes (fold change ≥ 2 and P-value < 0.05). The differentially expressed genes between yaks and cattle were functionally enriched in long-chain fatty acid metabolic process and protein processing, while the differentially expressed genes among yaks living at three different altitudes were enriched in immune response and the cell cycle. Furthermore, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were investigated to illustrate the roles of ceRNAs in this process, the result was also support the GO and KEGG analysis. The present research provides important genomic insights for discovering the mechanisms that are activated in response to hypoxia in yak lung tissue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms detected in yak lung tissue via transcriptome-wide analysis provide insights into adaptation to high altitudes

Guo

Zheng

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Calnexin Silencing in Mouse Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Induces Ca²⁺ Cycling Defects, ER Stress, and Apoptosis

Bousette

Abbasi

Chis

et al. 2013

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Calnexin (CNX) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control chaperone that has been implicated in ER stress. ER stress is a prominent pathological feature of various pathologic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of CNX and ER stress has not been studied in the heart. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the role of CNX in cardiomyocyte physiology with respect to ER stress, apoptosis, and cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) cycling. We demonstrated significantly decreased CNX mRNA and protein levels by LentiVector mediated transduction of targeting shRNAs. CNX silenced cardiomyocytes exhibited ER stress as evidenced by increased GRP78 and ATF6 protein levels, increased levels of spliced XBP1 mRNA, ASK-1, ERO1a, and CHOP mRNA levels. CNX silencing also led to significant activation of caspases-3 and -9. This activation of caspases was associated with hallmark morphological features of apoptosis including loss of sarcomeric organization and nuclear integrity. Ca(2+) imaging in live cells showed that CNX silencing resulted in Ca(2+) transients with significantly larger amplitudes but decreased frequency and Ca(2+) uptake rates in the basal state. Interestingly, 5 mM caffeine stimulated Ca(2+) transients were similar between control and CNX silenced cardiomyocytes. Finally, we demonstrated that CNX silencing induced the expression of the L-type voltage dependent calcium channel (CAV1.2) but reduced the expression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase (SERCA2a). In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate CNX has a specific role in cardiomyocyte viability and Ca(2+) cycling through its effects on ER stress, apoptosis and Ca(2+) channel expression.

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Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the molecular and metabolic adaptation to heat stress in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Jing¹,

Zhou²,

Gao³

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Temperature is an important environmental factor affecting metabolism, growth and life activities of marine bivalves. To reveal the molecular and metabolic responses to heat stress, comparative transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed in the commercially important bivalve, Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Comparative transcriptomics revealed a total of 3980 differential genes (DEGs) mainly involved in energy metabolism, protein processing, glycerolphospholipid metabolism, inoxidizability and anti-apoptosis. Comparative metabolomic analysis identified 293 differential metabolites (DEMs) in the heat-stressed clams, including Acetyl-CoA, Beta-D-Glucose, phosphatidylcholine and free amino acids. For the heat-stress clams, they showed the significantly increased enzyme activities of AKP and ACP, as well as antioxidant-related enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) and oxidative damage substance (MDA). The changes in gene expression of glycolysis-related genes (GLUT1, GLK, HK1 and GPI6) and metabolites (Beta-D-Glucose and Acetyl-CoA) reflect the adjusted energy metabolism in the heat-stressed clams. The protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum may play the important roles in the stability of cell membrane structure during heat adaptation. The increased contents of glycerophospholipid (PC) may be essential to maintain the stability and permeability of cell membrane in the heat-stressed clams. Molecular chaperones (HSP70 and HSP90) may participate in the degradation of misfolded proteins to maintain cell homeostasis during the heat stress. To defense the heat stress, clams also initiate the protection and defense mechanisms by activating antioxidant system, innate immune system and anti-apoptotic system. These findings will shed new lights on molecular and metabolic adaptation to heat stress in the intertidal mollusks in a warming climate at the global scale.

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Lectins in Quality Control: Calnexin and Calreticulin

Cited by 3 publications

References 190 publications

Molecular mechanisms detected in yak lung tissue via transcriptome-wide analysis provide insights into adaptation to high altitudes

Molecular mechanisms detected in yak lung tissue via transcriptome-wide analysis provide insights into adaptation to high altitudes

Calnexin Silencing in Mouse Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Induces Ca²⁺ Cycling Defects, ER Stress, and Apoptosis

Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the molecular and metabolic adaptation to heat stress in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

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Lectins in Quality Control: Calnexin and Calreticulin

Cited by 3 publications

References 190 publications

Molecular mechanisms detected in yak lung tissue via transcriptome-wide analysis provide insights into adaptation to high altitudes

Molecular mechanisms detected in yak lung tissue via transcriptome-wide analysis provide insights into adaptation to high altitudes

Calnexin Silencing in Mouse Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Induces Ca2+ Cycling Defects, ER Stress, and Apoptosis

Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the molecular and metabolic adaptation to heat stress in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

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Calnexin Silencing in Mouse Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Induces Ca²⁺ Cycling Defects, ER Stress, and Apoptosis