Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1): a crucial driver of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), specifically lipid-driven atherosclerotic CVDs, remain the number one cause of death worldwide. The lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1), a scavenger receptor that promotes endothelial dysfunction by inducing pro-atherogenic signalling and plaque formation via the endothelial uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and electronegative LDL, contributes to the initiation, progression, and destabilization of atheromatous plaques, eventually leading to the development of myocardial infarction and certain forms of stroke. In addition to its expression in endothelial cells, LOX-1 is expressed in macrophages, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, further implicating this receptor in multiple aspects of atherosclerotic plaque formation. LOX-1 holds promise as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for certain CVDs; therefore, understanding the molecular structure and function of LOX-1 is of critical importance. In this review, we highlight the latest scientific findings related to LOX-1, its ligands, and their roles in the broad spectrum of CVDs. We describe recent findings from basic research, delineate their translational value, and discuss the potential of LOX-1 as a novel target for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of related CVDs.

Therapeutic potential of colchicine in cardiovascular medicine: a pharmacological review

“…Endothelial cells adhere to circulating leukocytes via vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on their cell surface [ 65 ]. Endothelial cells assimilate oxidized LDL via low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), which is conducive to the development of atherosclerotic plaques [ 66 ]. Many studies have reported the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and coronary disease.…”

Glycation Markers in the Geriatrics Patients

“…The analysis revealed also that SR-BI correlates with one more parameter -Lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1). In the latest publications (2020 and 2021), LOX-1 is presented as a promising target for early diagnosis and cardiovascular risk prediction [39][40][41]. Such enthusiastic announcements made us expect to nd higher levels of LOX-1 in people with stroke, after a myocardial infarction or with obesity, but no such association was found in our geriatric population.…”

Role of Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms

“…The ox-LDL/LOX-1 complex causes the following impacts: increasing ROS production, death of SMCs, MMP influence on a fibrous cap, providing a route of entry for ox-LDL into endothelium, disrupting the normal endothelial function and monocyte adhesion, and infiltration. The stimulation of LOX-1 causes endothelial dysfunction, leukocyte adhesion, collagen degradation, and foam cell formation ( 64 ). Lp-PLA2 has performed its proinflammatory and proatherogenic functions by promoting monocyte chemotaxis, enhancing expression of mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecules in endothelial cells, producing lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) and non-esterified fatty acid moieties ( 9 ).…”