Leçons sur les maladies du système nerveux

Charcot, Jean-Martin; Bourneville, D. M.

doi:10.1017/cbo9781139105378

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Elle est basée sur l'observation de 40 patientes, et comporte une description précise des déformations des mains qui sera affinée, un peu plus de 10 ans plus tard dans un livre célèbre et qui sera même traduit en anglais : Leçons cliniques sur les maladies des vieillards et les maladies chroniques [7]. La thèse de 1853 comporte 6 autopsies, dans lesquelles sont décrits, au niveau des articulations disséquées, le pannus synovial, les ulcérations cartilagineuses et la raréfaction osseuse.…”

Section: La Carrière De Charcotunclassified

Charcot et les arthropathies nerveuses « Charcot’s Joint »

Kahn¹

2012

Hegel

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Section: La Carrière De Charcotunclassified

Charcot et les arthropathies nerveuses « Charcot’s Joint »

Kahn¹

2012

Hegel

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“…Several clinical courses are usually distinguished in multiple sclerosis (Jekyll Island Meeting of MS Society 1995, reported in Lublin, 1996 ), but it remains uncertain whether they reflect different neuropathological mechanisms. It is well established that axonal injury is a feature of multiple sclerosis (Charcot, 1880 ), that the extent of axonal injury is correlated with the degree of inflammation (Trapp et al , 1998 ) at least in relapsing multiple sclerosis, and that a close association between inflammation and neurodegeneration might exist in all disease stages of multiple sclerosis (Kutzelnigg et al , 2005 ; Frischer et al , 2009 ). However, the interdependence between focal inflammation, diffuse inflammation and neurodegeneration, and their relative contribution to clinical deficits remain ambiguous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a two-stage disability progression in multiple sclerosis

Leray

Yaouanq

Page

et al. 2010

Brain

515

387

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It is well documented that disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis is correlated with axonal injury and that the extent of axonal injury is correlated with the degree of inflammation. However, the interdependence between focal inflammation, diffuse inflammation and neurodegeneration, and their relative contribution to clinical deficits, remains ambiguous. A hypothesis might be that early focal inflammation could be the pivotal event from which all else follows, suggesting the consideration of multiple sclerosis as a two-stage disease. This prompted us to define two phases in the disease course of multiple sclerosis by using two scores on the Kurtzke Disability Status Scale as benchmarks of disability accumulation: an early phase, ‘Phase 1’, from multiple sclerosis clinical onset to irreversible Disability Status Scale 3 and a late phase, ‘Phase 2’, from irreversible Disability Status Scale 3 to irreversible Disability Status Scale 6. Outcome was assessed through five parameters: Phase 1 duration, age at Disability Status Scale 3, time to Disability Status Scale 6 from multiple sclerosis onset, Phase 2 duration and age at Disability Status Scale 6. The first three were calculated among all patients, while the last two were computed only among patients who had reached Disability Status Scale 3. The possible influence of early clinical markers on these outcomes was studied using Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox models. The analysis was performed in the Rennes multiple sclerosis database (2054 patients, accounting for 26 273 patient-years) as a whole, and according to phenotype at onset (1609 relapsing/445 progressive onset). Our results indicated that the disability progression during Phase 2 was independent of that during Phase 1. Indeed, the median Phase 2 duration was nearly identical (from 6 to 9 years) irrespective of Phase 1 duration (<3, 3 to <6, 6 to <10, 10 to <15, ≥15 years) in the whole population, and in both phenotypes. In relapsing onset multiple sclerosis, gender, age at onset, residual deficit after the first relapse and relapses during the first 2 years of multiple sclerosis were found to be independent predictive factors of disability progression, but only during Phase 1. Our findings demonstrate that multiple sclerosis disability progression follows a two-stage process, with a first stage probably dependant on focal inflammation and a second stage probably independent of current focal inflammation. This concept has obvious implications for the future therapeutic strategy in multiple sclerosis.

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“…Nowadays, the classic concept of hypnoid states applied in the studies of trauma-related hysteria developed by Charcot (1887) and others has found renewed attention: peritraumatic dissociation (PD) during or immediately following a traumatic event is considered to be an important risk factor for the development of mental health disturbances such as PTSD. Examples of dissociative reactions in this phase include a sense of emotional numbing or detachment, reduced awareness of one's surroundings, and/or distortions in the perception of reality, body and time (Bryant, 2007; Kolk & Van der Hart, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The independent predictive value of peritraumatic dissociation for PTSD symptomatology after type I trauma: A systematic review of prospective studies

Velden

Wittmann

2008

Clinical Psychology Review

112

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The independent predictive value of peritraumatic dissociation for PTSD symptomatology after type I trauma: a systematic review of prospective studies van der Velden, P G; Wittmann, L van der Velden, P G; Wittmann, L (2008). The independent predictive value of peritraumatic dissociation for PTSD symptomatology after type I trauma: a systematic review of prospective studies. The independent predictive value of peritraumatic dissociation for PTSD symptomatology after type I trauma: a systematic review of prospective studies AbstractWe conducted a systematic review of prospective studies examining the independent predictive value of peritraumatic dissociation (PD) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology following single traumatic events. Insight into the independent predictive value may help to identify victims at risk for PTSD symptomatology. For this purpose a literature search was carried out using the online databases PsycINFO, Medline/Pubmed, and PILOTS. Studies were included if they were published in peer-reviewed journals (before 2007), focused on more or less single traumatic events (Type I trauma), assessed PD within 1 month, had follow-ups 3 months or later, and which controlled for mental health problems at the time PD was assessed. The majority of the 17 identified studies showed no or only weak indications of an independent predictive value of PD for PTSD symptomatology following type I traumas. Only 3 of the 6 studies with positive results reported a strong independent predictive value of PD. Although bivariately associated with PTSD symptomatology, there is no general consensus across prospective Type I trauma studies that PD qualifies as an important independent predictor of PTSD symptomatology. AbstractWe conducted a systematic review of prospective studies examining the independent predictive value of peritraumatic dissociation (PD) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology following single traumatic events. Insight into the independent predictive value may help to identify victims at risk for PTSD symptomatology. For this purpose a literature search was carried out using the online databases PsycINFO, Medline/Pubmed, and PILOTS.Studies were included if they were published in peer-reviewed journals (before 2007), focused on more or less single traumatic events (Type I trauma), assessed PD within 1 month, had followups 3 months or later, and which controlled for mental health problems at the time PD was assessed. The majority of the 17 identified studies showed no or only weak indications of an independent predictive value of PD for PTSD symptomatology following type I traumas. Only 3 of the 6 studies with positive results reported a strong independent predictive value of PD.Although bivariately associated with PTSD symptomatology, there is no general consensus across prospective Type I trauma studies that PD qualifies as an important independent predictor of PTSD symptomatology. Results indicate that initial mental health problems, among other factors, are better pre...

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Leçons sur les maladies du système nerveux

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Charcot et les arthropathies nerveuses « Charcot’s Joint »

Charcot et les arthropathies nerveuses « Charcot’s Joint »

Evidence for a two-stage disability progression in multiple sclerosis

The independent predictive value of peritraumatic dissociation for PTSD symptomatology after type I trauma: A systematic review of prospective studies

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