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Israel's Enemies in Pauline Theology

“…5) If in fact Paul's gospel was directed against Judaism, then we must finally conclude with Schoeps 5 that he was guilty of a 'fundamental misapprehension' in his teaching about the law. 18 But quite apart from the fact that Paul can use the same tradition in Romans 9 and the questionable methodology involved in appealing to statements of opponents which are never explicitly mentioned, one hesitates to postulate a Paul arguing desperately in a losing cause. If Paul really does know about covenant as the context of commandments for Judaism, it may be that when he speaks of 'the curse of the law' apart from covenant he is not speaking of Judaism at all.…”

“…82 Also Wisdom, particularly in ch. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], wrestles with the question of Israel and the nations, and a comparison with Paul is instructive. Seen from the perspective of God's mercy toward Israel, the Egyptians (11.…”

“…'a wilful distortion in sheer Hellenistic midrash speculation'. 18 But quite apart from the fact that Paul can use the same tradition in Romans 9 and the questionable methodology involved in appealing to statements of opponents which are never explicitly mentioned, one hesitates to postulate a Paul arguing desperately in a losing cause. It may be that rather than finding excuses for Paul, we should begin by questioning the basic assumptions of Pauline interpretation.…”

Jewish Interpretation of Paul in the Last Thirty Years

“…In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, buoyed on by the emancipation of the Jews and the wider participation of Jews in Christian society (Hagner 1980: 144-45;Langton 2005: 71-73), there were a number of concerted studies on Paul from an explicitly Jewish perspective (e.g. Wise 1883;Mon-1956;Schoeps 1961;Baeck 1952;1961;Sandmel 1956;1958;1972;1978;Ben-Chorin 1970;Flusser 1971;Rubenstein 1972; see more comprehensive surveys in Ronning 1968;Wiefel 1975;Hagner 1980 andLangton 2005). More recently, interest in 'Paul the Jew' and 'Jewish interpretation of Paul' have been stimulated by three things.…”