Leaving the Loners Alone: Dispositional Preference for Solitude Evokes Ostracism

Ren, Dongning; Evans, Anthony M.

doi:10.1177/0146167220968612

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…This is important, considering that laypeople readily infer personality or individual characteristics from a target's solitude preferences. For example, past work has shown that a solitude seeking target is judged to be cold, introverted, and unlikeable (Ren & Evans, 2021;. Deviating from these lay beliefs, the current research shows that valuing time alone is not necessarily linked to, and may even have nothing to do with, an individual's personality.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…Deviating from these lay beliefs, the current research shows that valuing time alone is not necessarily linked to, and may even have nothing to do with, an individual's personality. This discrepancy adds to our understanding of common misconceptions of solitude seeking, and the potential consequences of expressing an appreciation of time alone (Ren & Evans, 2021;Ren, Stavrova, & Evans, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Person-specific priorities in solitude

Ren¹,

Loh

Chung³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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People value solitude in varying degrees. Theories and studies suggest that perceived importance of solitude varies considerably due to two sources: the person and the function of solitude experiences (e.g., privacy, creativity). What are the unique contributions of these two sources? In the current research, participants evaluated the importance of a variety of solitude functions. Building on a pilot study (1,542 US college students, 6 solitude functions), we collected a quota-based US representative sample (501 US residents, 22 solitude functions). Variance component analysis reveals that both individual variation (22%) and differences between solitude functions (15%) contributed to the variability of perceived importance of solitude. Crucially, the interaction between individual and solitude function accounted for a substantial amount of variance (46%). We further explored the personality predictors of people’s perceived importance of solitude. Contrary to the literature’s focus on Extraversion as the only relevant Big Five dimension for solitude, all five dimensions were relevant predictors. The magnitude and direction of the associations depended on specific solitude functions. These results suggest that the key to understanding people’s perceived value of solitude is people’s idiosyncratic priorities. Scientific inquiries on solitude must consider the fit between a person’s characteristics and the specific functions a solitary experience affords.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Person-specific priorities in solitude

Ren¹,

Loh

Chung³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On a related note, even though participants were more willing to ostracize a low than a high self-control target, the overall level of ostracism intentions was low (2.34 on a 7-point scale). The reluctance to engage in ostracism has been reported in other studies using similar measures and can be potentially explained by inclusion (rather than exclusion) being the most common behavior in social interactions (Ren & Evans, 2020;Rudert & Greifeneder, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Low Self-Control: A Hidden Cause of Loneliness?

Stavrova

Ren

Pronk

2021

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

Self Cite

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Loneliness has been associated with multiple negative outcomes. But what contributes to loneliness in the first place? Drawing from the literature on the importance of self-regulatory ability for successful social functioning, the present research explored the role of low self-control as a factor leading to loneliness. A set of four studies (and three additional studies in Supplementary Online Materials ) using cross-sectional, experimental, daily diary, and experience sampling methods showed that lower self-control is associated with higher loneliness at both trait and state levels. Why does low self-control contribute to loneliness? Self-control failures that have negative implications for others lead to higher risks for being ostracized by others, which predicts increased feelings of loneliness over time. These results suggest that low self-control, which is often associated with negative intrapersonal outcomes, can have important interpersonal consequences by evoking ostracism, and consequently, loneliness.

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“…To illustrate how local SAM works, we utilize publicly available real world data (N = 790) from a recent social psychology experiment investigating the effects of perceived preference for A SAM APPROACH TO SEM 9 solitude on intentions to ostracize others (Ren & Evans, 2021). We describe aspects of the study relevant for illustrating the SAM function and refer readers to Ren and Evans (2021) for further details of the study. Participants were randomly assigned to form an impression about a (hypothetical) target person with either low or high preference for solitude ("sol").…”

Section: Example 1: Illustrating the Steps Of The Local Sam Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A structural after measurement approach to structural equation modeling.

Rosseel¹,

Loh²

2024

Psychological Methods

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In structural equation modeling (SEM), the measurement and structural parts of the model are usually estimated simultaneously. In this article, we revisit the long-standing idea that we should first estimate the measurement part, and then estimate the structural part. We call this the "structural-after-measurement" (SAM) approach to SEM. We describe a formal framework for the SAM approach under settings where the latent variables and their indicators are continuous. We review earlier SAM methods and establish how they are specific instances of the SAM framework. Decoupled estimation for the measurement and structural parts using SAM possesses three key advantages over simultaneous estimation in standard SEM. First, estimates are more robust against local model misspecifications. Second, estimation routines are less vulnerable to convergence issues in small samples. Third, estimates exhibit smaller finite sample biases under correctly specified models. We propose two variants of the SAM approach. "Local" SAM expresses the mean vector and variance-covariance matrix of the latent variables as a function of the observed summary statistics and the parameters of the measurement model. "Global" SAM holds the parameters of the measurement part fixed while estimating the parameters of the structural part. Our framework includes two-step corrected standard errors, and permits computing both local and global fit measures. Nonetheless, the SAM approach is an estimation strategy, and should not be regarded as a model-building tool.

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Leaving the Loners Alone: Dispositional Preference for Solitude Evokes Ostracism

Cited by 20 publications

References 87 publications

Person-specific priorities in solitude

Person-specific priorities in solitude

Low Self-Control: A Hidden Cause of Loneliness?

A structural after measurement approach to structural equation modeling.

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