Leave the Running Shoes at Home: Addressing Elopement in the Classroom

Pennington, Robert C.; Strange, Connie; Stenhoff, Don; Delano, Monica E.; Ferguson, Laura

doi:10.1177/107429561202100302

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In this case, when the behavior is not harmful, it may be more efficient and effective to teach the student to perform a less disruptive but functionally equivalent response (e.g., tapping the pencil on the side of leg). At times teachers may identify the most relevant reinforcing consequence but not be able to safely prevent its occurrence (Pennington, Strange, Stenhoff, Delano, & Ferguson, 2012). For example, a small child who attempts to escape an academic setting can be safely prevented from doing so by physically blocking the escape route.…”

Section: Challenges In Withholding the Source Of Reinforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At times teachers may identify the most relevant reinforcing consequence but not be able to safely prevent its occurrence (Pennington, Strange, Stenhoff, Delano, & Ferguson, 2012). For example, a small child who attempts to escape an academic setting can be safely prevented from doing so by physically blocking the escape route.…”

Section: Potential Challenges With Extinction In Applied Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Teacher’s Guide to Using Extinction in School Settings

Burt

Pennington

2017

Intervention in School and Clinic

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The use of extinction procedures or the discontinuation of reinforcement following a behavior targeted for reduction is often used to enhance the efficacy of behavioral interventions. Unfortunately, the application of extinction procedures is associated with several side effects that can produce potentially harmful and counterproductive outcomes. This article defines and describes extinction in practical terms for teachers and outlines recommendations for its use in educational settings.

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Section: Challenges In Withholding the Source Of Reinforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Challenges With Extinction In Applied Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Teacher’s Guide to Using Extinction in School Settings

Burt

Pennington

2017

Intervention in School and Clinic

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“…Treatment of elopement following functional analysis has included functional communication training (Davis et al, ; Falcomata et al, ; Gibson et al, ; Lehardy et al, ), physical exercise (Lang, Kern Kogel et al, 2010; Whitaker & Saleem, ), creative movement therapy (Hartshorn et al, ), differential reinforcement (Call et al, ; Pennington et al, ), extinction and response blocking (Lehardy et al, ), and a variety of treatment packages, including “differential reinforcement, extinction, time out, token economy, response cost, functional communication training, response blocking, and non‐contingent reinforcement” (Lang et al, , pp. 673, 678).…”

Section: Elopement Assessment and Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six studies published since Lang et al (2009) further described assessment and intervention for elopement in people with developmental disabilities: four utilized functional analysis (Call, Pabico, Findley, & Valentino, 2011;Davis et al, 2013;Falcomata, Roane, Feeney, & Stephenson, 2010;Lehardy, Lerman, Evans, O'Connor, & LeSage, 2013) and two used functional behavior assessment (FBA; Gibson, Pennington, Stenhoff, & Hopper, 2010;Pennington, Strange, Stenhoff, Delano, & Ferguson, 2012); all reported successful outcomes. Attention (Call et al, 2011;Davis et al, 2013;Kodak, Grow, & Northu, 2004;Lang, Davis et al, 2010;Lehardy et al, 2013;Pennington et al, 2012;Piazza et al, 1997;Tarbox et al, 2003), access to tangibles (Call et al, 2011;Davis et al, 2013;Falcomata et al, 2010;Gibson et al, 2010;Lang, Davis et al, 2010;Lehardy et al, 2013;Perrin, Perrin, Hill, & DiNovi, 2008;Piazza et al, 1997;Tarbox et al, 2003) and escape (Lehardy et al, 2013;Perrin et al, 2008) were found to be the operant functions across the studies. The challenging aspect of conducting functional analysis of elopement is that people must have repeated opportunities to elope safely.…”

Section: Elopement Assessment and Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of mothers' experience of elopement in ASD by Solomon and Lawlor (2013) is the first to address the issue of carer experiences of elopement. The authors state that there is a difficulty differentiating whether these behaviors are "related to autism or to being a child with a proclivity for exploration" (p. 108) but fail to refer to existing behavioral research which has been conducted to identify the function of elopement (Call et al, 2011;Davis et al, 2013;Falcomata et al, 2010;Gibson et al, 2010;Kodak et al, 2004;Lang, Kern Kogel et al, 2010;Lehardy et al, 2013;Pennington et al, 2012;Perrin et al, 2008;Piazza et al, 1997;Tarbox et al, 2003). Further, Solomon and Lawlor (2013) state that elopement essentially clinically labels children and conceals the impact on parents and carers.…”

Section: Carer Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GPS Devices for Elopement of People With Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities: A Review of the Published Literature

Hayward

Ransley²,

Memery³

2016

Policy Practice Intel Disabi

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Elopement, sometimes referred to as absconding, is defined as leaving an area without supervision or carer permission. Global positioning systems (GPS) have been proposed as an intervention for elopement to provide the geographical position of a person who has eloped so that he/she can be located. The authors reviewed the evidence for the use of GPS as an intervention for elopement in people with autism and other developmental disabilities. They found few studies that explored the practicalities of GPS device use among carers of persons with developmental disabilities (most studies have been with carers of people with dementia) and even less research that focused on the testing of the functionality of GPS devices to locate cognitively‐impaired persons. They conclude that this forces the existing empirical research to be sidelined in favor of non‐evidence‐based situational management strategies, of which the use of GPS devices is potentially a viable one. They also note that the results have important implications for policy and practice as there is little evidence to support the widespread recommendation that GPS devices are an effective intervention to prevent risk associated with elopement.

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Applying behavioral analytic consultation to schools to assess and treat a student's elopement

Lill

Bassingthwaite

Cox

2021

Psychology in the Schools

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A team of behavioral consultants applied the Behavioral Analytic Consultation to Schools model while working with educators in a public school setting to evaluate and treat elopement behavior of an 11-year-old student with autism spectrum disorder. Assessment conducted by the consultants included interviews, descriptive analysis, preference assessment, trial-based functional analysis of elopement, and a reinforcer analysis conducted using an alternating treatment design. An acceptable behavior intervention was developed in consultation with educational staff and family. Consultants trained educational staff on procedures to implement the intervention and data collection. When intervention components were implemented as designed, the student's elopement in the classroom and out of the school building decreased. This study is an example of a successful application of the Behavioral Analytic Consultation to Schools model where consultants take primary responsibility for the evaluation, and collaborate with educational team members and family members to apply what was learned from the assessment to a successful intervention. The results of this application of the model provide continued support for evaluating the use of the model to improve outcomes for students engaging in severe behavior in public school settings.

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Leave the Running Shoes at Home: Addressing Elopement in the Classroom

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

A Teacher’s Guide to Using Extinction in School Settings

A Teacher’s Guide to Using Extinction in School Settings

GPS Devices for Elopement of People With Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities: A Review of the Published Literature

Applying behavioral analytic consultation to schools to assess and treat a student's elopement

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