Leather and Leather Products

Falkiewicz-Dulik, Michalina

doi:10.1016/b978-1-895198-87-4.50009-8

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…It is assumed that chrome-tanned leather is more resistant to fungal attack than vegetable-tanned leather owing to the presence of chromium oxide. However, most historical leather objects are regularly greased, therefore the difference between the conditions for development of microorganisms is reduced (Falkiewicz-Dulik, 2015;IAEA, 2017), which was also observed in this study for leather shoes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…A similar number of fungi and a larger number of bacteria were found on the spots on the degraded collagenous materials on tested shoes than on the fabric, cardboard, and wooden elements on shoes from the museum (Rybitwa et al, 2020;Wawrzyk et al, 2020). The average concentration of bacteria obtained in this study was lower, and the one of fungi was similar to that of microorganisms inhabiting leather shoes of prisoners from the collection of the State Museum at Majdanek, Poland, which also originate from the period of World War II (Perkowski and Goździecki, 2002;Falkiewicz-Dulik, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

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Application of a Medical Diode Laser (810 nm) for Disinfecting Small Microbiologically Contaminated Spots on Degraded Collagenous Materials for Improved Biosafety in Objects of Exceptional Historical Value From the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum and Protection of Human Health

2020

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The research aim was to optimize the operating parameters of a diode laser irradiation for the effective disinfection of degraded collagenous materials. Historical leather shoes stored at the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim (Poland) were the main study objects. Surfaces of contaminated small spots occurring on the degraded materials were sampled with moistened swabs and microbiologically examined using the molecular techniques MALDI-TOF MS, 16S rRNA, and NGS sequencing. The surfaces were colonized by bacteria with 106 CFU/100 cm2 and 104 CFU/100 cm2 by fungi, on average. Microorganisms of the genera Bacillus and Penicillium were predominant. The effectiveness of the laser treatment was assessed for the new and degraded collagenous materials against isolated environmental strains using four variants of exposure time and number of repetitions. 0.3 W/CW 2 × 2 min variant was the most effective and also did not noticeably change the color of the treated samples. The variant caused a reduction in the numbers of microorganisms by 96–100%. After 1 month, four types of leather were subjected to comprehensive physico-chemical analyses. SEM and FTIR techniques confirmed that laser irradiation in the selected optimal variant did not affect the surface morphology and collagen structure, while XPS technique enabled detection of subtle changes in non-historical protective coatings on the surfaces of tested degraded historical materials.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Application of a Medical Diode Laser (810 nm) for Disinfecting Small Microbiologically Contaminated Spots on Degraded Collagenous Materials for Improved Biosafety in Objects of Exceptional Historical Value From the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum and Protection of Human Health

2020

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“…(4% of the total bacterial microbiota) and the sporulating Bacillus sp. Among this last genus are species with high proteolytic activity that may be responsible for the deterioration of parchment [10,28,29] and have been identified in similar studies [10]. This genus accounts for circa 1% of the total bacterial microbiota.…”

Section: Biological Communities By Ngsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Both may be responsible for the purple stains as a result of the very common pigmentation of these species. Contamination by halophile bacteria such as these can come from salt used for preservation, [10,28] and their presence has been integrated in a microbial succession theory [19].…”

Section: Biological Communities By Ngsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underneath the Purple Stain

Pinheiro¹,

Miller

Vaz

et al. 2022

Heritage

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The Alcobacenses are one of the most important Portuguese collections of Monastic codices. During a campaign study to further advance our knowledge on this important legacy and its state of conservation, a heavily deteriorated codex (ALC.338) stood out due to the presence of purple stains on the lower margins on virtually all folios. In some of them, the purple stains are accompanied by yellow and brown patches as well. Also noticed was the presence of these purple spots on the white tawed leather covering the codex. The codex was analyzed macro and microscopically, chemically and biologically using state-of-the-art technology such as next-generation sequencing. The biological deterioration associated with the appearance of these purple spots arises from the inside out and reveals significant abundance of the bacterial genus Saccharopolyspora sp., which accounted for 86% of the bacterial genera identified. For the fungal population, the most common genus was Malassezia sp. Visual inspection of the sample confirmed the presence of fungal and bacterial biofilms. Pressing questions, comparison to similar studies and future perspectives are also given.

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“…In particularly, tanning stage is the primary step, which the animal hides are turn into leather and several techniques are currently being used such as vegetable tanning, smoke tanning and chromium tanning. However, the use of chromium salts is known to be the most effective technique and it is widely applied in worldwide tanning industry as it enhances several properties of leather to make it better, such as providing higher thermal stability and strength and making it lighter weight (Falkiewicz-Dulík, 2015;Nashy and Eid, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loofah immobilized with Cladosporium cladosporioides CEL14 is a potential bioremediating agent for hexavalent chromium in tannery wastewater

Mohamed¹,

Mehalawy²,

Mohamed³

2021

MJM

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Aims: Chromium salt possesses unique characteristics that render it useful in numerous applications in several industrial processes, especially tanning of animal hides which act as a major source of hexavalent chromium toxicity in environment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of loofah immobilized Cladosporium cladosporioides CEL14 in remediate tannery wastewater which contains hexavalent chromium. Methodology and results: A total of 18 fungal species were isolated from three different sites of tannery wastewater in Egypt, of which C. cladosporioides CEL14 was the most capable species of chromate remediation with 81% after 7 days of incubation as free cells. The experiments were conducted in minimum salt medium supplemented with 200 ppm chromate in the form of potassium dichromate. Different process parameters studies demonstrated that chromate was completely removed at 30 °C, pH 6, 0.1% malt extract and 0.2% glucose after 7 days of incubation with 20% inoculum size. After that, C. cladosporioides was immobilized on a natural support material (loofah). The removal ability of chromate was enhanced through permanent viable immobilization on loofah pieces, which showing complete removal of chromate within 3 days. The toxicity assessment of treated tannery effluents revealed that 74% of Brassica napus seeds were germinated upon exposure to the treated effluent. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: This study revealed that C. cladosporioides CEL14 isolate has high potential as bioremediating agent against toxic hexavalent chromium. The removal ability of toxic chromate was enhanced through permanent viable immobilization on loofah pieces. This technology is simple, cost effective, efficient and environmentally friendly. The loofah immobilized with C. cladosporioides CEL14 has potential to be applied in wastewater treatment of small-scale tanneries after onsite trials.

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Leather and Leather Products

Cited by 6 publications

References 116 publications

Application of a Medical Diode Laser (810 nm) for Disinfecting Small Microbiologically Contaminated Spots on Degraded Collagenous Materials for Improved Biosafety in Objects of Exceptional Historical Value From the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum and Protection of Human Health

Application of a Medical Diode Laser (810 nm) for Disinfecting Small Microbiologically Contaminated Spots on Degraded Collagenous Materials for Improved Biosafety in Objects of Exceptional Historical Value From the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum and Protection of Human Health

Underneath the Purple Stain

Loofah immobilized with Cladosporium cladosporioides CEL14 is a potential bioremediating agent for hexavalent chromium in tannery wastewater

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