Forty-nine patients, aged 38-82 years (median age 63 years) were enrolled. All patients had advanced NSCLC (stages 3A, 3B and 4) and 61% (30 patients) had an ECOG performance status (PS) of 1 or greater. The point prevalence of depression measured by an interviewer using the MADRS at visits 1-4 was 49%, 51%, 47%, and 41%, respectively. The point prevalence of self-reported depression (HADS) was significantly (p < 0.001) lower at each assessment point (18%, 20%, 6%, 12%) compared to health professional detected depression (MADRS). Although MADRS and HADS showed very strong (Pearson's correlation = 0.8) and significant (p < 0.001) correlation, the concordance rate in identifying the same cases of depression was only 54%. CLINICAL IMPLICATION AND CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depression among advanced lung cancer patients is high and varies very little during the first 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Among a variety of tools available for the screening of depression, a semi-structured interview is more effective at identifying clinically significant depression than a self-administered questionnaire.