Learning to Detect, Categorize, and Identify Skin Lesions

Rourke, Liam; Oberholtzer, Sarah; Chatterley, Trish; Brassard, Alain

doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.3300

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Evidence from moderate- to high-quality reviews demonstrated that education to improve knowledge and skills [37–42, 48, 49, 51–56], continuing medical education [20, 21, 29, 34, 43], and academic detailing [32] were found to be effective in professional development to increase knowledge, optimize prescriptions, screening rate, and improve patient outcomes [20, 29, 32–36, 41, 44, 45, 50, 54]. Certain education interventions were evaluated as components of multifaceted education interventions, including interactive educational methods, reminder systems, audit and feedback, academic detailing, computer-based learning, lecture, as well as pamphlet in several reviews [29, 33, 36, 43, 44, 49]; which reported improvement in implementing guidelines into general practice [29], improved antibiotic prescribing [33], improved detection of cancer, dementia, and skin lesions [36, 44, 49]. Conflicting evidence exists on patient feedback.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior change interventions and policies influencing primary healthcare professionals’ practice—an overview of reviews

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThere is a plethora of interventions and policies aimed at changing practice habits of primary healthcare professionals, but it is unclear which are the most appropriate, sustainable, and effective. We aimed to evaluate the evidence on behavior change interventions and policies directed at healthcare professionals working in primary healthcare centers.MethodsStudy design: overview of reviews.Data source: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), The Cochrane Library (Wiley), CINAHL (EbscoHost), and grey literature (January 2005 to July 2015).Study selection: two reviewers independently, and in duplicate, identified systematic reviews, overviews of reviews, scoping reviews, rapid reviews, and relevant health technology reports published in full-text in the English language.Data extraction and synthesis: two reviewers extracted data pertaining to the types of reviews, study designs, number of studies, demographics of the professionals enrolled, interventions, outcomes, and authors’ conclusions for the included studies. We evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies using the AMSTAR scale. For the comparative evaluation, we classified interventions according to the behavior change wheel (Michie et al.).ResultsOf 2771 citations retrieved, we included 138 reviews representing 3502 individual studies. The majority of systematic reviews (91%) investigated behavior and practice changes among family physicians. Interactive and multifaceted continuous medical education programs, training with audit and feedback, and clinical decision support systems were found to be beneficial in improving knowledge, optimizing screening rate and prescriptions, enhancing patient outcomes, and reducing adverse events. Collaborative team-based policies involving primarily family physicians, nurses, and pharmacists were found to be most effective. Available evidence on environmental restructuring and modeling was found to be effective in improving collaboration and adherence to treatment guidelines. Limited evidence on nurse-led care approaches were found to be as effective as general practitioners in patient satisfaction in settings like asthma, cardiovascular, and diabetes clinics, although this needs further evaluation. Evidence does not support the use of financial incentives to family physicians, especially for long-term behavior change.ConclusionsBehavior change interventions including education, training, and enablement in the context of collaborative team-based approaches are effective to change practice of primary healthcare professionals. Environmental restructuring approaches including nurse-led care and modeling need further evaluation. Financial incentives to family physicians do not influence long-term practice change.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0538-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior change interventions and policies influencing primary healthcare professionals’ practice—an overview of reviews

et al. 2017

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“…The ABCDE system directs observers to five key features of a lesion: its asymmetrical shape (A); irregular border (B); variegated color (C); a size that is > 6 mm in diameter (D); and evolving appearance (E). However, training programs designed to improve ABCDE diagnostic skills of physicians, medical students, and practitioners have been largely ineffective (Rourke, Oberholtzer, Chatterley & Brassard, 2015 ). The primary weakness of the ABCDE approach is that benign lesions may exhibit cancerous features (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The easy-to-hard training advantage with real-world medical images

Roads

Robinson

et al. 2018

Cogn. Research

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Many medical professions require practitioners to perform visual categorizations in domains such as radiology, dermatology, and neurology. However, acquiring visual expertise is tedious and time-consuming and the perceptual strategies mediating visual categorization skills are poorly understood. In this paper, the Ease algorithm was developed to predict an item’s categorization difficulty (Ease value) based on the item’s perceptual similarity to all within-category items versus between-category items in the dataset. In this study, Ease values were used to construct an easy-to-hard and hard-to-easy training schedule for teaching melanoma diagnosis. Whereas previous visual training studies suggest that an easy-to-hard schedule benefits learning outcomes, no studies to date have demonstrated the easy-to-hard advantage with complex, real-world images. In our study, 237 melanoma and benign images were collected for training and testing purposes. The diagnostic accuracy of images was verified by an expert dermatologist. Based on their Ease values, the items were grouped into easy, medium, and hard categories, each containing an equal number of melanoma and benign lesions. During training, participants categorized images of skin lesions as either benign or melanoma and were given corrective feedback after each trial. In the easy-to-hard training condition, participants learned to categorize all the easy items first, followed by the medium items, and finally the hard items. Participants in the hard-to-easy training condition learned items in the reverse order. Post-training results showed that training in both conditions transferred to the classification of new melanoma and benign images. Participants in the easy-to-hard condition showed modest advantages both in the acquisition and retention of the melanoma diagnosis skills, but neither scheduling condition exhibited a gross advantage. The Ease values of the items predicted categorization accuracy after, but not before training, suggesting that the Ease algorithm is a promising tool for optimizing medical training in visual categorization.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s41235-018-0131-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…3 A recent meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of educational practices to improve the detection, categorization, and identification of skin lesions. 21 Multicomponent educational interventions over longer time periods were associated with the greatest improvement in participant’s abilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Assessment of postgraduate skin lesion education among Iowa family physicians

et al. 2017

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Background:Family medicine physicians play a pivotal role in the prevention and early detection of skin cancer. Our objective was to evaluate how family physicians believe their postgraduate training in skin cancer screening and prevention has prepared them for independent practice and to assess the need for enhanced skin lesion teaching in a family medicine residency setting.Methods:A descriptive, cross-sectional survey investigating provider demographics, confidence in providing dermatological care, residency training, current medical practice, and skin cancer prevention beliefs was mailed to all family medicine physicians in the state of Iowa as listed in the Iowa Academy of Family Physicians annual directory in 2006 (N = 1069).Results:A total of 575 family medicine physicians completed the survey for an overall response rate of 53.8%. Overall, family medicine physicians reported feeling confident in their ability to diagnose skin lesions (83.2%), differentiate between benign and malignant lesions (85.3%), and perform a biopsy of a lesion (94.3%). Only 65% of surveyed physicians felt that their residency program adequately trained them in diagnosing skin lesions and 65.7% of physicians agree that they could have benefited from additional training on skin lesions during residency training. Nearly 90% of clinicians surveyed believe that skin cancer screenings are the standard of care; however, only 51.8% perform skin cancer screening examinations during adult health maintenance visits more than 75% of the time. The primary reason listed by respondents who said they do not routinely perform skin cancer screenings was inadequate time (68.2%).Conclusion:Family medicine physicians in the state of Iowa are confident in evaluating skin lesions. However, they reported a need for additional enhanced, targeted skin lesion education in family medicine residency training programs. Physicians believe that skin cancer screening examination is the standard of care, but find that inadequate time increasingly hinders skin cancer screening during routine health maintenance examinations.

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Learning to Detect, Categorize, and Identify Skin Lesions

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

Behavior change interventions and policies influencing primary healthcare professionals’ practice—an overview of reviews

Behavior change interventions and policies influencing primary healthcare professionals’ practice—an overview of reviews

The easy-to-hard training advantage with real-world medical images

Assessment of postgraduate skin lesion education among Iowa family physicians

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