Learning to Cycle: A Cross-Cultural and Cross-Generational Comparison

Abstract

BackgroundLearning to cycle is an important milestone for children, but the popularity of cycling and the environmental factors that promote the development and practice of this foundational movement skill vary among cultures and across time. This present study aimed to investigate if country of residence and the generation in which a person was born influence the age at which people learn to cycle.MethodsData were collected through an online survey between November 2019 and December 2020. For this study, a total of 9,589 responses were obtained for adults (self-report) and children (parental report) living in 10 countries (Portugal, Italy, Brazil, Finland, Spain, Belgium, United Kingdom, Mexico, Croatia, and the Netherlands). Participants were grouped according to their year of birth with 20-year periods approximately corresponding to 3 generations: 1960–79 (generation X; n = 2,214); 1980–99 (generation Y; n = 3,994); 2000–2019 (generation Z; n = 3,381).ResultsA two-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of country, F(9,8628) = 90.17, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.086, and generation, F(2,8628) = 47.21, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.122, on the age at which individuals learn to cycle. Countries with the lowest learning age were the Netherlands, Finland and Belgium and countries with the highest learning age were Brazil and Mexico. Furthermore, the age at which one learns to cycle has decreased across generations. There was also a significant country x generation interaction effect on learning age, F(18,8628) = 2.90, p < 0.001; however, this effect was negligible (ηp2 = 0.006).ConclusionsThese findings support the socio-ecological perspective that learning to cycle is a process affected by both proximal and distal influences, including individual, environment and time.

Positive skill transfer in balance and speed control from balance bike to pedal bike in adults: A multiphase intervention study

“…As a result, a healthier mode of transportation, which reduces pollution and protects citizens from viruses, was created. However, recent data noticed that an average of 9.7% of the total population in 10 countries do not know how to cycle [ 2 ].…”

“…In recent years, the average age for achieving this milestone has decreased. Children born between 2000–2019 now learn to cycle independently at an average age of 5.22 y, compared to 5.68 y for those born between 1980–1999 and 6.21 y for those born between 1960–1979 [ 2 ]. This trend can be attributed to the increasing availability of dedicated cycling tracks and child-size-friendly bicycles, which make it easier for children to learn at an earlier age.…”