“…Parallel to this, there have been further studies on the use of technology in teaching Turkish as a foreign language as well as in global foreign language education. In this context, integration of technology with language learning-teaching (Birinci, 2020;Repetto et al, 2021;Van Lieshout and Cardoso, 2022), the use of web 2.0 tools, social media, blogs and extracurricular learning environments in language teaching (Bozavli, 2017;Taylan, 2018;Ustabulut and Keskin, 2020;Inal and Arslanbaş, 2021;Sarigül, 2021), digital stories (Akdag and Altinay, 2021;Çokyaman and Çelebi, 2021;Kazazoglu and Bilir, 2021), e-portfolios (Erice and Ertaş, 2011), virtual classrooms (Parmaxi, 2020), and robot teachers (Edwards and Cheok, 2018) have been addressed in the literature. Nevertheless, the results of these studies on the competencies of both teachers and students regarding the use of technology in the language learning-teaching process are contradictory.…”