Learning the hard way

Noll, Jörg; Rietjens, Sebastiaan

doi:10.4324/9781315658001-11

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2016

2022

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Cited by 4 publications

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“…While some soldiers and units recorded their experiences and lessons, often in self-developed formats and reports, others paid no attention to this. This led to fragmentation and hampered structural comparison and analysis of the lessons learned (Noll & Rietjens, 2016).…”

Section: Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

NATO’s Struggle for Intelligence in Afghanistan

Rietjens

2022

Armed Forces & Society

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What role did North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the coalition (International Security Assistance Force—ISAF) it led play in the failure of the West in Afghanistan? This essay argues that the ISAF intelligence community’s inability to come to grips with the complex operational environment in Afghanistan contributed to the problem. Using three concepts from the complexity literature, requisite variety, learning, and enactment, I analyze critical flaws in NATO’s approach. ISAF’s weak cross-cultural competence, its inconsistent relationships with international civilian organizations, and its absence of double- and triple-loop learning are identified as key drivers of NATO’s weak intelligence performance.

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Section: Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%