Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition

Abstract

Learning strategies refer to a set of tactics that people use in order to gain control over their own learning process.Nowadays, enhancing strategies in second or foreign language classrooms is one of the teachers' roles, since their mission is to facilitate the learning among their students and make their thinking process visible. In order to teach a second language (L2) effectively, educators must take into consideration the needs and biographies of each learner, as a result, they are able to employ methodologies that guide students in using strategies which enhance their L2 learning process. This paper helps readers understand the concept of such strategies and its importance in terms of accelerating and facilitating English learning by putting forth a number of the definitions of the concept as posited by different authors. Then, it discusses three differing approaches to L2 instruction such as Grammatical, Communicative, and Cognitive in order to identify which of these approaches promote useful learning strategies in the classroom. And finally, based on the Biography Driven Instruction (BDI) model, this paper analyzes on how four learning strategies were put into practice in settings of English as a Foreign Language (EFL).

Reading and Writing Learning Strategies for Low English Proficiency Students at a Private University in China

“…The study of reading strategies is developed on the basis of language learning strategies. O'Malley & Chamot (1990) and Oxford (1990) provide a detailed and comprehensive classification of reading strategies in language learning. In terms of cognitive, metacognitive, and social/affective strategies applied to reading, cognitive strategies include induction, analysis, note-taking, reorganization, contextualization, judgment, keywords, and inference.…”

“…Language learning strategy is the skill, method or other conscious behavior adopted by learners to optimize the learning process and strengthen the memory of language knowledge and information (Ellis, 2013). According to O'Malley and Chamot (1990), reading and writing strategies can be divided into metacognitive, cognitive and social/emotional strategies: metacognitive strategies are used to plan, monitor and evaluate the use of cognitive strategies; cognitive strategies are used in the specific activities of language learning; social/affective strategies refer to learners communicating with others, controlling their emotions, and eliminating insecurity and anxiety in order to complete a certain learning task.…”

English Teaching and Learning Strategies on Genre Based Approach in Indonesian EFL Class : A Case Study

“…In terms of learning strategies types, there are two main strategy, direct (memory, cognitive, compensation) and indirect (meta-cognitive, affective, social) as proposed by Oxford (1990) (Lavasani a & Faryadres, 2011). Nevertheless, this study focuses on those stated by O'Malley and Chamot as one of the most recognized researchers on learning strategies (Montaño-gonzález, 2017) There are types of language strategies; cognitive, meta-cognitive, social, and affective strategies. First is cognitive strategy which involves a mental process that enables learners to select relevant information (Kalati, 2016;Montaño-gonzález, 2017).…”

“…Moreover, Selinker (1972) stated that learning strategies are a part of five psycholinguistic processes: native language transfer, overgeneralization of target language rules, transfer of training, strategies of communication, and strategies of learning. The learning strategy, according to Selinker, assists the learner to internalize the new linguistic system (Montaño-gonzález, 2017). In terms of learning strategies types, there are two main strategy, direct (memory, cognitive, compensation) and indirect (meta-cognitive, affective, social) as proposed by Oxford (1990) (Lavasani a & Faryadres, 2011).…”

“…Nevertheless, this study focuses on those stated by O'Malley and Chamot as one of the most recognized researchers on learning strategies (Montaño-gonzález, 2017) There are types of language strategies; cognitive, meta-cognitive, social, and affective strategies. First is cognitive strategy which involves a mental process that enables learners to select relevant information (Kalati, 2016;Montaño-gonzález, 2017). Moreover, Anderson (1983, 1985 suggested that this strategy aided learners in elaborating new information and related it to the previous one.…”