Learning Management System Usage among Undergraduates in a Developing Context: An Extension to the Technology Acceptance Model

Abstract

Why are students in developing countries reluctant to effectively and efficiently participate in Learning Management Systems (LMSs)? Many researchers have conducted focusing on validating existing theories in developing contexts. This article aims to extend the knowledge about the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by incorporating external variables - subjective norms, experience in the internet and computer, self-efficacy, technical support, and anxiety - which will lead to an efficient and effective LMS usage in developing contexts.

Online English language learning among tertiary students

“…Even in some cases there are students who don't know how to send emails. As many researchers have complained about, the context of developing countries is the lack of supporting infrastructure for online learning [13], [21]. But from this study it seems that it has diminished, though not completely gone.…”

“…The delivery of online language learning is usually supported by LMS or asyncronous set up [9], [20], [21]. LMS is a noteworthy tool that functions as a space to regulate the flow of information to and from students, with lecturers, as well as operators with features that allow all data storage, distribution, recording, lecturing, attending list, teaching materials, then summarized, uploaded, or downloaded as needed and per curriculum expectations [4], [21], [22]. Online language learning in some cases is syncronous set up, that students and lecturer can communicate using Zoom or Google Meet platform in the same time premises.…”

“…There are several precondition for students to benefit from technology-based learning [21], [26]- [28]. The precondition in question is about the need for equality between what is expected and what can be achieved, by means of gradual improvements carried out in accordance with the development of supporting infrastructure, knowledge of educators, and students.…”

“…Some reasons why various IT acceleration projects do not run smoothly in most of the cases are due to the proposed design has not been adapted to environmental conditions and students' abilities [13]. Apart from that, there are a large number of research results that taken as a reference where technology has preceded one step more advanced than readiness for implementation [21], [28], [29].…”