“…The findings provides alternative evidence directly from the perceptions of Chinese student teachers and supervisors to suggest that with the increasing and seemingly unstoppable permeation of online learning in both China and Western society, and with the increasing number of Mainland Chinese students, as well as CHC students from East Asian countries, who pursue their higher education in the UK, the US, Australia, Canada (Rajaram, 2013), it is meaningful to add a cultural dimension to how stakeholders, universities and course tutors can create an affectively cohesive and more risk-free learning community; this can help transform them into proactive, expressive and self-regulated learners.…”