Learning from the Past in the Transition to Open-Pollinated Varieties

Freshley, Dana; Delgado-Serrano, María del Mar

doi:10.3390/su12114716

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However Paudel et al (2020) , suggest that this policy may not be adequate to enable increased adoption and the sustained use of appropriate farming machinery in Nepal without other support mechanisms. This includes a need for renewed focus on extension efforts to overcome exposure gaps with potential adopters and access to infrastructure, without which subsidy programs will primarily benefit larger, wealthier farmers and disadvantage resource poor smallholder farmers in Nepal ( Freshley and Delgado-Serrano, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualising adoption processes through a stepwise framework: A case study of mechanisation on the Nepal Terai

Brown¹,

Paudel²,

Krupnik

2021

Agricultural Systems

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CONTEXT The desire for agricultural mechanisation is mainstreaming across the Global South, yet there are limited tools through which to monitor and estimate progress made in pursuit of this. Despite Nepal enacting an agricultural development agenda focused on mechanisation to address issues of productivity, labour scarcity, inclusive economic growth and sustainability, it remains one of the few places in South Asia that is yet to see substantial agricultural mechanisation rates. We use this scenario as a case study to propose and investigate adoption processes. OBJECTIVE This research aims to provide a baseline to understand progress made towards Agri-mechanisation on the Nepal Terai. Despite decades of promotional efforts, there are only limited comprehensive analyses of the status of agricultural mechanisation in Nepal that cover diverse machinery and go beyond binary adoption estimates, nor a framework to understand different types of (non-)adopters. METHODS The applied non-binary ‘Stepwise Process of Mechanisation’ framework provides a systematic process for investigation of the status of agricultural mechanisation on the Nepal Terai. This framework is applied to representative survey data from 14 districts across 1569 households from Nepal's Plains (Terai) region. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that decades of activity have not yet led to the substantial closure of exposure gaps, nor sufficient ownership of machines that enables accessible fee-for-hire service provision. Exposure gaps were substantial in all machines, meaning current demonstration programs may not be achieving their targeted outcomes. Across nearly all machinery, a primary reason for limited progression to sustained adoption was a lack of service providers, a manifestation of limited machinery ownership, meaning current broad subsidy programs aimed at procurement may not be achieving intended outcomes. However, substantial pools of potential adopters and concentration of supply-side constraints highlight that with targeted intervention, rapid rural mechanisation is possible in the near future on the Nepal Terai. SIGNIFICANCE This research provides a foundation on which to understand the progress made towards small holder agricultural mechanisation. For the first time in South Asia, a systematic analysis through a novel stepwise framework has clarified and updated the status of agricultural mechanisation on the Nepal Terai. This work also lays the foundation for future work to explore the drivers, implications and inclusiveness of agri-mechanisation, utilising the identified typologies, both in Nepal and more broadly where increased nuance in understanding the status of agricultural mechanisation is warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualising adoption processes through a stepwise framework: A case study of mechanisation on the Nepal Terai

Brown¹,

Paudel²,

Krupnik

2021

Agricultural Systems

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“…This aligns with Subedi et al . (2017), Freshley and Delgado-Serrano (2020) and Pavithra et al (2018)’s findings that the popularity of open-pollinated varieties among smallholder farmers is attributed to open-pollinated varieties being less costly, require fewer inputs and the increasing interest in promoting it by government.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adoption intentions towards improved vegetable varieties among commercial and subsistence farmers in Nepal

Begho

2021

IJSE

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PurposeIn Nepal, not much is known about the adoption of improved vegetable varieties. Also, there are reasons to expect that the determinants of adoption may vary between subsistence and commercial farmers, given their different production/market orientations. Therefore, the paper aims to examine the adoption intentions of commercial and subsistence vegetable farmers.Design/methodology/approachA logistic regression model was used to empirically test the determinants of the intention to adopt and recommend improved vegetable varieties. The paper also uses propensity score matching (PSM) to assess the causal effects of production/market orientation on household dietary patterns. Cross-sectional data of 600 Nepalese vegetable farmers are analyzed.FindingsCompared to subsistence farmers, commercial vegetable farmers obtain seeds mainly from formal sources and use hybrid seeds. The most consistent covariates of vegetable adoption intentions were risk preferences and experience growing vegetables. Overall, adoption intentions were higher among commercial farmers, and commercial vegetable households tend to consume more vegetables.Practical implicationsConsidering that vegetable farming provides an important supplementary food production system for the household, adopting improved vegetable varieties is pivotal to increasing productivity and improving household level dietary diversity in developing countries. Actions to promote wider adoption of vegetable varieties and encourage healthier dietary patterns could be successful if these efforts also focus on subsistence farmers. The findings in this paper will be useful to policymakers to better prioritize dissemination strategies.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the differences in characteristics and adoption intention towards new vegetable varieties between subsistence and commercial farmers. The impact of commercial production on healthier household dietary patterns is accentuated.

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“…In Mexico, the use of conventional hybrids is not adopted on a large scale due to several factors, such as the high cost of acquiring the seed (García-Salazar and Guzmán-Soria, 2015). They are developed for flat areas and fertile agricultural lands (Freshley and Delgado-Serrano, 2020), lack of infrastructure, high demand for inputs and lack of adaptation to diverse environments (Pixley, 2006;García-Salazar y Guzmán-Soria, 2015). Furthermore, there are diverse conditions of climate, rugged orography and soil types that create a mega diversity of environments, micro-regions and ecological niches (Muñoz et al, 2009), conditions in which conventional hybrids do not thrive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

INTERVARIETAL CROSSES, AN ALTERNATIVE FOR INCREASING YELLOW MAIZE (Zea mays L.) PRODUCTION IN VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS

Juárez

Santacruz-Várela

González

et al. 2022

agro

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In Mexico, maize (Zea mays L.) is grown under rainfed conditions within immensurable number of variable environments that limit production. To cope with these adversities, genotypes of different genetic constitution have been generated, such as intervarietal crosses; however, knowledge of the yield potential of those crosses in variable environments is limited. The objective of the study was to determine the yield potential of intervarietal crosses of yellow maize in environments of high-valley lands in central Mexico, as well as the components that influence yield under the hypothesis that intervarietal crosses are equal in yield to conventional hybrids. Crosses, open-pollinated parental varieties and commercial controls were evaluated in a randomized complete block design. Fifteen agronomic variables and yield components were measured. A combined analysis of variance and comparison of means (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05) were applied, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated. The analysis of variance detected statistical differences in all the factors of variation in most of the evaluated variables. The intervarietal crosses performed statistically equal to the controls but superior to the parents. The crosses excelled in ear diameter and ear length, total weight of grains in the ear, 100-grain weight, grain length, grain width, plant height, ear height, shelling corn coefficient and prolificacy index. In 23 crosses, the genotype × environment interaction effect was not significant. Intervarietal crosses have yield potential compared to conventional hybrids. Ear and grain traits had the greatest influence on yield. Intervarietal crosses represent an alternative to increase yield and production of yellow maize in the high-valley lands of central Mexico.

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Learning from the Past in the Transition to Open-Pollinated Varieties

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Visualising adoption processes through a stepwise framework: A case study of mechanisation on the Nepal Terai

Visualising adoption processes through a stepwise framework: A case study of mechanisation on the Nepal Terai

Adoption intentions towards improved vegetable varieties among commercial and subsistence farmers in Nepal

INTERVARIETAL CROSSES, AN ALTERNATIVE FOR INCREASING YELLOW MAIZE (Zea mays L.) PRODUCTION IN VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS

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