“…The reasons why a person is learning (i.e., the sources of her or his motivation) exert an impact on every aspect of the motivational system. Researchers have examined a number of individual differences that influence motivation and music learning, including student individuality (Gaunt & Hallam, 2016), beliefs (O’Neill, 2011; Hallam, 2013), aptitude (Levitin, 2012; Asmus & Harrison, 1990), socioeconomic status (Dibben, 2006; McPherson, Osborne, Barrett, Davidson & Faulkner, 2015; Corenblum & Marshall, 1998), class curriculum (Winter, 2004), goal structures (Austin, 1991; Marjoribanks & Mboya, 2004), and academic achievement (Johnson & Memmott, 2006). The literature on music motivation reflects something of a patchwork of different theoretical perspectives (Austin, Renwick, & McPherson, 2006; Hallam, 2016).…”