Learning enhances adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal formation

Gould, Elizabeth; Beylin, Anna V.; Tanapat, Patima; Reeves, Alison J.; Shors, Tracey J.

doi:10.1038/6365

Cited by 1,917 publications

(1,462 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The majority of these cells differentiate into mature neurons . In the aged animal, however, the production of new granule neurons diminishes significantly in both the rodent and primate (Kuhn et al 1996;Gould et al 1999a).…”

Section: The Production Of Hippocampal Granule Neurons Continues Intomentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin and Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Gould

1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

297

114

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The role of the molecule serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine, in neurotransmission has been recognized for decades. More recent studies have explored the possibility that serotonin may have structural effects on the brain both during development and in adulthood (Mazer et al. 1997;Yan et al. 1997;Watanabe et al. 1992). These studies have predominantly focused on the role of serotonin in mediating the structure of the adult brain. Our recent studies have identified a new role for serotonin in mediating the structure of the adult brain. We have found that neurogenesis in the adult mammalian dentate gyrus is enhanced by activation of serotonergic receptors (Jacobs et al. 1998).

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Section: The Production Of Hippocampal Granule Neurons Continues Intomentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin and Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Gould

1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

297

114

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“…Changes in the extent of adult hippocampal neurogenesis are associated with changes in the performance of animals in hippocampus-dependent behavioral tasks [7][8][9][10][11], and a recent study of conditional TLX knockout mice, a gene expressed by adult neural stem cells, suggest a causal link between the performance in specific aspects of behavioral tasks and neurogenesis [12]. Voluntary physical exercise is a consistent and strong modulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reward increases running-wheel performance without changing cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation or cell death in the dentate gyrus of C57BL/6 mice

Klaus

Hauser

Slomianka

et al. 2009

Behavioural Brain Research

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A reward increases running-wheel performance without changing cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation or cell death in the dentate gyrus of C57BL/6 mice Klaus, F; Hauser, T; Slomianka, L; Amrein, I; Lipp, H P Klaus, F; Hauser, T; Slomianka, L; Amrein, I; Lipp, H P (2009). A reward increases running-wheel performance without changing cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation or cell death in the dentate gyrus of C57BL/6 mice. A reward increases running-wheel performance without changing cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation or cell death in the dentate gyrus of C57BL/6 mice Abstract Exercise is one of the best-known stimulators of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but it is not known if voluntary changes in the intensity of exercise are accompanied by changes in neurogenesis. In this study we investigated whether a reward influences the performance in a running wheel and the rate of cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation and cell death in C57BL/6 mice. Mice had free access to a running wheel during the first week of the experiment. In the second week, animals were rewarded for their performance and compared to normal voluntary running and control mice. A reward significantly increased the performance by 78% when compared to the non-rewarded performance of the first week.The performance of the non-rewarded runners remained relatively constant. Fourteen days of exercise significantly increased cell proliferation by 27% and the number of doublecortin immunoreactive cells by 46%. A reward and the associated increase of performance did not modulate proliferation, cell death or the number of cells entering the neuronal lineage. We suggest that, in C57BL/6 mice, either exercise increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis to a ceiling value, which is reached by a performance at or below the level achieved by voluntary wheel running, or that a possible positive effect of increased running-wheel activity is balanced by stress resulting from rewarded running, which is no longer performed on a strictly voluntary basis. We suggest that, in C57BL/6 mice, either exercise increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis to a ceiling value, which is reached by a performance at or below the level achieved by voluntary wheel running, or that a possible positive effect of increased is balanced by stress resulting from rewarded running, which is no longer performed on a strictly voluntary basis.

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“…Most importantly, newly born granular neurons are incorporated into the neural circuitry and mature into functional neurons. 12 The specific function of these neurons is not yet clear, 13 but some hippocampus-dependent learning and memory tasks have been related to an increased neurogenesis, 14,15 suggesting that they might contribute to cognitive processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by thyroid hormones: implications in depressive-like behavior

et al. 2006

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Hormonal imbalances are involved in many of the age-related pathologies, as neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Specifically, thyroid state alterations in the adult are related to psychological changes and mood disorders as depression. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation undergoes neurogenesis in adult mammals including humans. Recent evidence suggests that depressive disorders and their treatment are tightly related to the number of newly born neurons in the dentate gyrus. We have studied the effect of thyroid hormones (TH) on hippocampal neurogenesis in adult rats in vivo. A short period of adultonset hypothyroidism impaired normal neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus with a 30% reduction in the number of proliferating cells. Hypothyroidism also reduced the number of newborn neuroblasts and immature neurons (doublecortin (DCX) immunopositive cells) which had a severely hypoplastic dendritic arborization. To correlate these changes with hippocampal function, we subjected the rats to the forced swimming and novel object recognition tests. Hypothyroid rats showed normal memory in object recognition, but displayed abnormal behavior in the forced swimming test, indicating a depressive-like disorder. Chronic treatment of hypothyroid rats with TH not only normalized the abnormal behavior but also restored the number of proliferative and DCX-positive cells, and induced growth of their dendritic trees. Therefore, hypothyroidism induced a reversible depressive-like disorder, which correlated to changes in neurogenesis. Our results indicate that TH are essential for adult hippocampal neurogenesis and suggest that mood disorders related to adult-onset hypothyroidism in humans could be due, in part, to impaired neurogenesis.

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Learning enhances adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal formation

Cited by 1,917 publications

References 34 publications

Serotonin and Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Serotonin and Hippocampal Neurogenesis

A reward increases running-wheel performance without changing cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation or cell death in the dentate gyrus of C57BL/6 mice

Modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by thyroid hormones: implications in depressive-like behavior

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