“…Indeed, initial reports have suggested learning decrements Engzell et al (2020), Kuhfeld et al (2020) and adverse mental health effects (Bignardi et al, 2020;Pearcey et al, 2020;Wright et al, 2020) in primary school students, compared to preceding years. In many cases, the shift to distance learning also reinforced existing inequalities: students from disadvantaged backgrounds were found to suffer greater learning setbacks than their more advantaged peers (Alvi and Gupta, 2020;Sevilla et al, 2020;Dietrich et al, 2020;Doyle, 2020;Engzell et al, 2020), and there were reports of disparities in access to resources and preparedness of instruction materials required for distance learning between educational levels and schools (Bol, 2020;Mohan et al, 2020;van de Werfhorst et al, 2020).…”