Learning and memory: Steroids and epigenetics

Colciago, Alessandra; Casati, Lavinia; Negri‐Cesi, P.; Celotti, F.

doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.02.008

Cited by 66 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 274 publications

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“…Unlike in human studies (review Colciago et al, 2015) no sex dependent effects on memory were observed, which is in line with already reported data in dogs (Heckler et al, 2014;Lazarowski et al, 2014). However, the high proportion of neutered individuals within this study population might have confounded the data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Playful activity post-learning improves training performance in Labrador Retriever dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris )

Affenzeller

Palme

Zulch

2017

Physiology & Behavior

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(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Highlights:• Enhancement of memory in dogs through post-learning activity was investigated• Playful activity post-learning improved memory in an object discrimination paradigm• Cortisol significantly decreased after play when compared to a control group• More studies are needed to evaluate implications for the field of dog training Situations that are emotional and arousing have an effect on cognitive performance. It is thought that beta adrenergic activation and the release of stress hormones enhance memory consolidation and lead to an increase in memorability of emotional events. This beneficial effect has been shown in humans, non-human primates and rodents. Techniques which could enhance memory for learning specific tasks would be highly valuable, especially in dogs, which are extensively trained to aid humans.A pseudo-randomised, counterbalanced, between subject study design was utilised and 16Labrador Retrievers ranging from 1-9 years of age were trained in a 2-choice discrimination paradigm. After task acquisition, either a playful activity intervention (N=8) or a resting period (N=8) took place, lasting for 30 minutes.A range of factors including age, sex, training experience and trials to criterion on each day was subjected to a multiple factor/covariate General Linear Model analysis. The results show that playful activity post-learning improved training performance evidenced by fewer trials needed to re-learn the task 24 hours after initial acquisition (playful activity group: mean number of trials 26, SD 6; resting group: mean number of trials 43, SD 19, effect size 1.2).Average heart rate, as a measure of arousal, during the intervention was significantly higher in the playful activity group (143 beats/min, SD 16) versus the resting group (86 beats/min, SD 19, P<0.001). Salivary cortisol did not significantly differ between groups during training, however a significant decrease (T: -4.1 P<0.01) was seen after the playful activity.To our knowledge this is the first evidence that post training activity may influence training performance in dogs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Playful activity post-learning improves training performance in Labrador Retriever dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris )

Affenzeller

Palme

Zulch

2017

Physiology & Behavior

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“…Learning means accepting information from the outside environment and memory refers being able to use this information at a later date [2–4]. As a symptom, learning and memory impairment often appears together in some diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, diabetes, autism, and so on [5–8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a symptom, learning and memory impairment often appears together in some diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, diabetes, autism, and so on [5–8]. With the increasing of living pressure and changing in life style, learning and memory impairment as the important embodiment of brain dysfunction have become one of the most important factors that affect people’s lives [1, 2]. The treatment based on western medical science for most learning and memory impairment only relieves the symptoms and delays the progression of disease [9, 10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta-analysis of acupuncture for improving learning and memory ability in animals

Huang

Liang

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundMemory loss is the most prominent symptoms of brain aging, but there is currently no evidence-based treatment strategy. Acupuncture has been widely used in China and the effectiveness for improving learning and memory has been mentioned in previous studies. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture for improving learning and memory in animal experiments.MethodsWe searched Pubmed, Embase, Ovid Medline(R), the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP) and Wanfang data Information Site to collect studies published up to December 2015. Study quality for each included article was evaluated according to the CAMARADES 10-item checklist. Outcome measure is Morris water maze. A meta-analysis was conducted according to the Cochrane systematic review method by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsForty-two studies involving 944 animals were included. The quality score of the studies ranged from 2 to 8, with a mean of 5.3. Meta-analysis results showed that 24 studies reported significant effect of acupuncture for decreasing escape latency (−3.00, 95 % CI: −3.78 ~ −2.23, P < 0.00001), 14 studies reported significant effect of acupuncture for increasing frequency of cross platform (2.57, 95 % CI: 1.92 ~ 3.22, P < 0.00001), and 7 studies reported significant effect of acupuncture for increasing time in target quadrant (2.00, 95 % CI: 1.10 ~ 2.91, P < 0.00001) compared with the control group.ConclusionsThese findings show acupuncture has a potential role in improving learning and memory ability in animal models, suggesting it as a candidate therapy for memory loss of aged brain.

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“…Both the mineralocorticoid receptor and GR are expressed at high levels in neurons in the amygdala, hippocampus, and the prefrontal cortex [61-63], areas important for executive function, emotional regulation, and memory [64-66]. These brain areas are thus vulnerable to high doses of GC.…”

Section: Brain and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Long-Term Effects of Excess Glucocorticoid Exposure

2018

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Prenatal treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia with dexamethasone (DEX) has been in use since the mid-1980s and has proven effective at reducing virilization of external genitalia in affected girls. However, multiple experimental studies on animals and clinical studies on humans show that prenatal administration of glucocorticoids may cause unwanted adverse effects which have raised concerns about the long-term safety of the treatment. The long-term outcome of prenatal DEX treatment on cognition has been investigated, but the results are still conflicting. Overall, most of the evidence points towards a negative effect on executive functions where girls seem to be more susceptible than boys. Some effects on social behavior have been observed, but results are still contradictory and treated children are mostly well adapted. Cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic function are still areas to be investigated. Larger studies are warranted to investigate areas other than cognition and behavior and to be able to draw more definitive conclusions about prenatal DEX treatment.

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Learning and memory: Steroids and epigenetics

Cited by 66 publications

References 274 publications

Playful activity post-learning improves training performance in Labrador Retriever dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris )

Playful activity post-learning improves training performance in Labrador Retriever dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris )

A systematic review and meta-analysis of acupuncture for improving learning and memory ability in animals

Prenatal Treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Long-Term Effects of Excess Glucocorticoid Exposure

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