Learning a Motor Skill from Video and Static Pictures in Physical Education Students—Effects on Technical Performances, Motivation and Cognitive Load

Abstract

The purpose of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of a video and three different formats of static pictures (simultaneous-permanent pictures, sequential-transient pictures and sequential-permanent pictures) on the acquisition and retention of a complex judo skill in novice young adults. One hundred and thirty-three first-year students in the certificate in Physical Education (PE) were randomly assigned to either: a static-simultaneous-permanent pictures condition (n = 30), a static-sequential-transient pictures condition (n = 29), a static-sequential permanent pictures condition (n = 36) or a video condition (n = 38). They were instructed to observe and reproduce a complex judo technique (Ippon-Seoi-Nage) immediately after the learning phase (including a sequence of three trials—the acquisition phase) and after one week without observation (the retention phase). The results showed that the continuous video generated better learning performances than all static pictures formats. Moreover, it has been shown that sequential-permanent pictures presentation was more effective than static simultaneous-permanent pictures and sequential-transient pictures. In addition to the human movement effect, complementary explanations in terms of cognitive load theory, perceptual continuity, mental animation and intrinsic motivation are suggested. Implications of the results for the effective design of instructional materials within PE context are discussed.

Successful learning with whiteboard animations – A question of their procedural character or narrative embedding?

“…Hereby, participants who have previously seen the successive format performed best in this test indicating that participants benefitted from the emphasis on configuration differences within the frames. In contrast, a recent study by H'mida et al ([ 47 ]) confirmed that a continuous presentation via video of a complex judo skill resulted in better learning performances than several static pictures formats. The positive effect of a continuous presentation also led to a reduced perception of cognitive load while learning compared to a static-simultaneous-permanent pictures condition (all images were presented at the same time and remain on the screen) and a static-sequential-transient pictures condition (images appear and disappear one after the other) in which learners need to fill transitions mentally to create a coherent model.…”

“…According to research on the comparison between static and dynamic visualizations ([ 12 ]), it is supposed that such a progressive build-up fosters learning by building a better and more automatized mental model ([ 46 ]) decreasing knowledge retrieval time. In addition, the progressive build-up was shown to decrease cognitive load and foster motivational processes while learning ([ 47 ]). For this, the following hypotheses were postulated:…”

Neuroeducation, Motivation, and Physical Activity in Students of Physical Education

“…The H’mida et al [ 16 ] study was the next manuscript included in this Special Issue. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a video and different pictures (simultaneous-permanent, sequential-transient, and sequential-permanent) on complex judo skill among novice young adults ( n = 104).…”

Distance Motor Learning during the COVID-19 Induced Confinement: Video Feedback with a Pedagogical Activity Improves the Snatch Technique in Young Athletes

“…This reference transmits key information on the effect of the movement and on the movement of the different body segments [ 8 ]. In fact, previous studies have argued that video demonstrations are more effective thanthe live versions for the early acquisition of the Kube-Nagi technique [ 9 ] and the static pictures used for learning the Ippon-Seoi-Nage in judo [ 10 ]. This may be due to the simplification of the visual information in the video-based content in addition to the dual-dimension of this technology.…”