Learned Helplessness After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Altered Neurocognitive State?

Burland, Julie P.; Lepley, Adam S.; Cormier, Marc L.; DiStefano, Lindsay J.; Arciero, Robert A.; Lepley, Lindsey K.

doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01054-4

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Among our participants, the frustration and anxiety experienced by males were rooted in physical limitations, indicating that performance reductions were a significant psychological threat to them after ACLR. Burland et al 21 recently proposed a model of learned helplessness in this population. The model explains the complex interactions among neurologic deficits, psychological distress, and their negative effects on biomechanical and muscular performance after ACLR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model explains the complex interactions among neurologic deficits, psychological distress, and their negative effects on biomechanical and muscular performance after ACLR. 21 Due to their focus on physical performance, males may be particularly vulnerable to learned helplessness. Incorporating learning goals as opposed to performance goals for male patients after ACLR may help deemphasize expectations related to the speed of recovery and achievement of optimal physical performance at certain time points during rehabilitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Differences in Psychological Responses to Recovery After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Before Return to Sport

Lisee

DiSanti

Chan

et al. 2020

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context Female patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are less likely to return to sport than males. Psychological readiness predicts successful return to sport, but it is unclear if psychological experiences differ between males and females during recovery. Objective To explore gender differences in psychological readiness factors of return to sport after ACLR. Design Qualitative study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 12 male (months since surgery = 6.2 ± 1.2) and 13 female (months since surgery = 6.4 ± 1.3) high school athletes with a history of ACLR. Data Collection and Analysis Participants were interviewed before physician clearance to return to activity. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using deductive thematic coding of 5 themes identified from previous research (psychological distress, self-efficacy, locus of control, athletic identity, and fear of reinjury) and inductive secondary subthematic coding. Gender comparisons were generated within primary themes and secondary subthemes. Results All deductive themes were consistently reinforced. Male and female participants reported fear of movement, loss of athletic identity, and motivational mindsets for return to sport and self-improvement. Males reported a stronger sense of internal locus of control using positive internal reinforcement, whereas females described balancing internal and external control and valuing external support systems. Male participants described mood changes influenced by physical and social limitations. Female participants closely monitored their emotions throughout recovery and were influenced by rehabilitation fluctuations. Conclusions Male and female high school athletes described different psychological factors related to return to sport and locus of control as well as psychological distress. Gender-specific psychological interventions may be warranted to overcome psychological barriers after ACLR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Psychological Responses to Recovery After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Before Return to Sport

Lisee

DiSanti

Chan

et al. 2020

Journal of Athletic Training

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…LH is a maladaptive motor and behavioral deficit in response to neural compromise. It was suggested that following an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, athletes are prone to experience LH as a result of being in a longitudinal inactive state, among other factors (Burland et al, 2019). To prevent the maladaptive syndromes athletes must have maintained in a high functioning neural and sensorimotor state during Coronavirus related quarantines/lockdowns.…”

Section: Ce As a Career Change-eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, those who refrained from medical support, might have experienced a highly negative period, which potentially slowed down their recovery. Loss of rehabilitation motivation could result in negative feelings and helplessness (Burland et al, 2019).…”

Section: Ce As a Career Change-eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic as a Change-Event in Sport Performers’ Careers: Conceptual and Applied Practice Considerations

2020

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The Coronavirus experience (CE) presents a highly challenging period for sport performers (e.g., athletes, coaches, referees), with potential effects on their lives and career trajectories. In this article, we initially conceptualize the CE using the scheme of change for sport psychology practice (Samuel and Tenenbaum, 2011a). Within this framework, the CE is understood as a longitudinal, multifaceted, unpredicted, non-controlled change-event, with four distinct stages: (a) a pre-Coronavirus stage with unique career contextual conditions (i.e., stable engagement or a transitional period), (b) Coronavirus stage-A accompanied by instability and confusion, emotional response, and cognitive appraisal, (c) Coronavirus stage-B characterized by active coping or regression, and (d) Coronavirus stage-C; instability endures or decreases, depending on career trajectory. The CE presents sport performers with modifications in various dimensions, including physical and physiological, motor skills, psychosocial and self-identity, relationships, performance and achievement, motivation and aspirations, organizational-occupational, and micro-and macro-cultural issues. Sport performers can exhibit several emotional responses (i.e., positive, negative, neutral), and consequential coping endeavors. The development of the change process is underlined by key decisions, manifested in sport performers' attempts to implement responsive change in these dimensions (e.g., adapt their diets, sleep routines, and exercise regimen). The second part of the article discusses applied practice considerations, presenting various techniques and methodologies which practitioners can apply while consulting from a change-based perspective. Ethical issues pertaining to the formation of effective therapeutic relationships during this period are also assessed. The conclusions offer future avenues for researchers and practitioners when attempting to evaluate and cope with this global phenomenon.

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“…The most to least commonly reported psychological variables were self-motivation [13,21,58,59,65,68,69], athletic identity [13,58,59,65,68,69], self-efficacy [58,60,[65][66][67][68], self-confidence [13,60,65,68,69], positive self-talk [58-60, 65, 68], social support [13,59,60,65,68], optimism [13,65,68,69], goal setting [59,60,65,68], stress [13,21,58,65], fear of reinjury [58,66,68], locus of control [59,69], age and sex differences in psychology [60,69], self-esteem…”

Section: Psychological Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence, Barriers to and Facilitators of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rehabilitation Adherence and Participation: a Scoping Review

2020

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Background: Outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are considered poor. There are many factors which may influence patient outcomes. As such, the purpose of this review was to report on the influence, barriers to and facilitators of rehabilitation adherence and participation after ACL reconstruction, providing information to help clinicians and patients make quality decisions to facilitate successful rehabilitation. Methods: A systematic search of five electronic databases was undertaken in identifying studies from inception to 18 July 2019. The search included English language articles reporting on the influence, barriers to and facilitators of adherence and participation in rehabilitation of patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction. Data extraction and synthesis of included studies were undertaken. Results: Full text articles (n = 180) were assessed for eligibility following screening of titles and abstracts (n = 1967), yielding 71 studies for inclusion. Forty-four articles investigated 'rehabilitation prescription and participation' and 36 articles investigated 'rehabilitation barriers and facilitators'. The results indicate that a moderately or minimally supervised rehabilitation program is at least as effective as a fully supervised high-frequency rehabilitation program, although a longer duration of supervised rehabilitation is associated with improvement in a multitude of functional outcomes. A number of psychological factors associated with rehabilitation adherence were also identified. The most commonly investigated concepts were self-motivation, athletic identity and social support. Patients perceived the therapeutic relationship, interaction with family and friends, self-motivation, fear of reinjury, organisation/lack of time and interpersonal comparison as the most common barriers to and facilitators of rehabilitation. Conclusions: A longer duration of supervised rehabilitation is associated with an increased chance of meeting functional and return to sport criteria; however, the optimal supervised rehabilitation frequency is yet to be determined. Identification of the barriers to and facilitators of adherence and participation in ACL rehabilitation provides an opportunity for further research to be conducted to address personal, environmental and treatmentrelated factors, with the aim to improve rehabilitation outcomes.

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Learned Helplessness After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Altered Neurocognitive State?

Cited by 18 publications

References 107 publications

Gender Differences in Psychological Responses to Recovery After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Before Return to Sport

Gender Differences in Psychological Responses to Recovery After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Before Return to Sport

The 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic as a Change-Event in Sport Performers’ Careers: Conceptual and Applied Practice Considerations

The Influence, Barriers to and Facilitators of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rehabilitation Adherence and Participation: a Scoping Review

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