“Learned baduse” limits recovery of skilled reaching for food after forelimb motor cortex stroke in rats: A new analysis of the effect of gestures on success

Alaverdashvili, Mariam; Foroud, Afra; Lim, Diana H.; Whishaw, Ian Q.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.11.007

Cited by 75 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…2d–f). Slower, more-variable and more-extraneous movements are observed in the paretic forelimb of rodents after motor system damage than in intact animals 65,67,68 . To reach for food rewards with the paretic forelimb, rodents use compensatory rotational movements of the trunk to extend and control paw position, and use compensatory trunk and head movements to bring the mouth to the paw 16,63,69 .…”

Section: Compensatory Movement Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The strategies of relying mostly on the non-paretic hand and of relying on proximal body movements instead of distal arm movements can encourage the disuse of any residual capacity for a greater range of paretic limb movements that might be achieved with practice to enable better overall functionality 47,67,142 . Such forms of compensation could be the best option for those with the most-severe impairments; for those with milder impairments, however, they are unlikely to be.…”

Section: Maladaptive Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motor compensation and its effects on neural reorganization after stroke

2017

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Stroke instigates a dynamic process of repair and remodelling of remaining neural circuits, and this process is shaped by behavioural experiences. The onset of motor disability simultaneously creates a powerful incentive to develop new, compensatory ways of performing daily activities. Compensatory movement strategies that are developed in response to motor impairments can be a dominant force in shaping post-stroke neural remodelling responses and can have mixed effects on functional outcome. The possibility of selectively harnessing the effects of compensatory behaviour on neural reorganization is still an insufficiently explored route for optimizing functional outcome after stroke.

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Section: Compensatory Movement Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Maladaptive Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor compensation and its effects on neural reorganization after stroke

2017

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“…Compensatory use of the proximal musculature is also commonly observed in humans after stroke (Cirstea and Levin, 2000). Functional outcomes improve over time, but true recovery may be masked (Whishaw, 2000;Whishaw et al, 1991), or even hindered (Alaverdashvili et al, 2007(Alaverdashvili et al, , 2008, by the use of alternative movement strategies (Levin et al, 2009). …”

Section: Behavioral Deficits After CCI In the Rat Motor Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reorganization of Motor Cortex after Controlled Cortical Impact in Rats and Implications for Functional Recovery

Nishibe

Barbay

Guggenmos

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurotrauma

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We report the results of controlled cortical impact (CCI) centered on the caudal forelimb area (CFA) of rat motor cortex to determine the feasibility of examining cortical plasticity in a spared cortical motor area (rostral forelimb area, RFA). We compared the effects of three CCI parameter sets (groups CCI-1, CCI-2, and CCI-3) that differed in impactor surface shape, size, and location, on behavioral recovery and RFA structural and functional integrity. Forelimb deficits in the limb contralateral to the injury were evident in all three CCI groups assessed by skilled reach and footfault tasks that persisted throughout the 35-day post-CCI assessment period. Nissl-stained coronal sections revealed that the RFA was structurally intact. Intracortical microstimulation experiments conducted at 7 weeks post-CCI demonstrated that RFA was functionally viable. However, the size of the forelimb representation decreased significantly in CCI-1 compared to the control group. Subdivided into component movement categories, there was a significant group effect for proximal forelimb movements. The RFA area reduction and reorganization are discussed in relation to possible diaschisis, and to compensatory functional behavior, respectively. Also, an inverse correlation between the anterior extent of the lesion and the size of the RFA was identified and is discussed in relation to corticocortical connectivity. The results suggest that CCI can be applied to rat CFA while sparing RFA. This CCI model can contribute to our understanding of neural plasticity in premotor cortex as a substrate for functional motor recovery.

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“…Once a bias to produce a particular outcome is in place, that bias can be very difficult to change, even when it is less efficient than alternatives that are physically possible to produce. For example, once certain aspects of reaching in rats become habitual, they can persist even when they produce a lower success rate in retrieving food items than an alternative combination of movements (Alaverdashvili, Foroud, Lim, & Whishaw, 2008). The same may apply to phylogenetically biased movement patterns (Berthoz, 2000;Llinás, 2001).…”

Section: Stuck With the Sins Of The Past?mentioning

confidence: 96%