Lean Combustion and the Misfire Limit in Spark Ignition Engines

Quader, Ather A.

doi:10.4271/741055

Cited by 110 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The model also predicts higher lean limit (higher equivalence ratio) as engine speed is increased because of higher turbulence intensity (Lei, 1989). The trends are consistent with experimental results by Arici et al (1983) and Quader (1974) in internal combustion engines. However experimental results do not indicate substantially poorer misfire limit as engine speed is increased.…”

Section: Turbulence Intensitysupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, at late spark timing, misfire occurred during flame propagation and the partial burn limit was reached. The two papers by Quader (1974Quader ( , 1976 have stimulated great interest in understanding misfire. The combined effects of engine operating variables on misfire were presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This definition was considered to be ambiguous by later researchers (Germane et al, 1983), since the lean limit depended on the number of cycles observed. Quader (1974) has done extensive experimental studies on lean misfire limit using mixtures of propane and air and isooctane and air. The effects of varying engine operating variables were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stochastic Model for Flame Propagation at Lean Ignition Limit of Spark Ignition Engines

Lei

Milane

1990

Combustion Science and Technology

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A phenomenological model simulating stratification of temperature and species concentration was developed to predict engine misfire. The model incorporates the coalescence dispersion model for finite rate mixing and the mass entrainment model for flame propagation. The fuel mixture in the combustion chamber is divided into equal mass particles, each having a thermodynamic state. A first order chemical rate reaction for the combustion of propane in air is used. A set of ordinary differential equations for the evolution of temperature and species concentration for each particle is formulated. A predictor corrector method was developed to solve the system of equations.The model was tested extensively for the ignition limit. The effect of turbulence intensity, intake temperature. equivalence ratio and spark advance were investigated. An optimum level of turbulence intensity that enhances burn rate was observed. Increasing the intake temperature allows a higher optimum value of turbulence. Varying the spark advance combines the effect of intake temperature and turbulence intensity. When the spark advance is retarded, leaner mixture can be used.

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Section: Turbulence Intensitysupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stochastic Model for Flame Propagation at Lean Ignition Limit of Spark Ignition Engines

Lei

Milane

1990

Combustion Science and Technology

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“…Lean limit for NG was 1.71, while for fuel blends containing 10%, 30%, and 50% hydrogen was 1.82, 2.09, and 2.4, respectively. Quader's researches have showed that the combustion duration is nearly the same when the engine reaches its lean limit no matter what type of fuel used [12]. This is to say although combustion duration will be prolonged as the engine is gradually leaned out, it has an upper limit which is independent on fuel type and once the combustion duration exceeds this upper limit, the engine would become unstable due to combustion instability.…”

Section: Test Part 1: Effect Of Hydrogen Addition On Lean Operation Lmentioning

confidence: 93%

Experimental study on thermal efficiency and emission characteristics of a lean burn hydrogen enriched natural gas engine

Wang

Liu

et al. 2007

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

335

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“…This desire is manifested in both market and regulatory demands. A method being increasingly explored to accomplish this goal is lean combustion [1,2,3]. Homogeneous lean combustion (1<λ<∼1.5) in modern SI engines has been proven to increase net thermal efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for Combustion Analysis of a Spark Ignition Engine Incorporating a Pre-Chamber Combustor

Bunce

Blaxill

2014

SAE Technical Paper Series

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With an increasing global awareness of the need to conserve fuel resources and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, the automotive sector has been seeking gains in engine efficiency. One such method for achieving these gains on a spark ignition (SI) engine platform is through lean burn operation. Ultra-lean operation (λ>2) has demonstrated the ability to increase thermal efficiency and significantly reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) due primarily to lower mean gas temperatures. Turbulent Jet Ignition (TJI), a pre-chamberbased combustion system, is a technology that enables ultra-lean operation. TJI is also an effective knock mitigation system due to the distributed nature of main chamber ignition, resulting in rapid burn rates.Pre-chamber combustors such as that utilized in TJI have been studied extensively for decades, but the interaction of the combustion events between the two chambers is not well understood. Additionally, current in-cylinder pressure transducer-based combustion analysis is limited in its effectiveness at capturing TJI combustion characteristics, particularly start of combustion (SOC) in the main chamber. This can lead to misleading heat release results and incomplete understanding of ignition and chamber interaction. This study analyzes the limitations of current combustion analysis techniques to characterize TJI and proposes a new methodology for combustion analysis.An optical engine is used to qualitatively assess pre-chamber jet formation and the subsequent main chamber ignition events. This data is synthesized with that of a single cylinder metal engine counterpart providing empirical heat release information. Utilizing high speed pressure transducers in both pre-chamber and main chamber, the validity of heat release data is explored within the context of the optically observed combustion process. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is employed as an explanatory tool for the pre-chamber combustion event and the gas exchange process between the chambers. Informed by qualitative optical engine data, empirical heat release data, and CFD, this study seeks to produce a new methodology for combustion analysis that is applicable not only to TJI but to most pre-chamber-based SI combustion systems. Further accurate understanding of the interaction of the combustion events between the chambers and the gas exchange process can lead to optimum prechamber design and operation, and enable system scalability.

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Lean Combustion and the Misfire Limit in Spark Ignition Engines

Cited by 110 publications

References 18 publications

Stochastic Model for Flame Propagation at Lean Ignition Limit of Spark Ignition Engines

Stochastic Model for Flame Propagation at Lean Ignition Limit of Spark Ignition Engines

Experimental study on thermal efficiency and emission characteristics of a lean burn hydrogen enriched natural gas engine

Methodology for Combustion Analysis of a Spark Ignition Engine Incorporating a Pre-Chamber Combustor

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