Leak detection of CO2 pipelines with simple atmospheric CO2 sensors for carbon capture and storage

Leeuwen, Charlotte van; Hensen, A.; Meijer, H. A. J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.09.018

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Furthermore, typical emission factors used as the default values in inventories can hardly be representative of the specific configurations and processes of individual sites, and, in practice, they are usually different from those measured at specific sites (e.g. Vaughn et al, 2017;Ravikumar and Brandt, 2017;Omara et al, 2018) Monitoring of CH 4 emissions from individual sites and even at the scale of local facilities within the same site is thus recommended to assess the effectiveness of local measures applied to minimize emissions (Konschnik and Jordaan, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile atmospheric measurements and local-scale inverse estimation of the location and rates of brief CH4 and CO2 releases from point sources

et al. 2021

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Abstract. We present a local-scale atmospheric inversion framework to estimate the location and rate of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) releases from point sources. It relies on mobile near-ground atmospheric CH4 and CO2 mole fraction measurements across the corresponding atmospheric plumes downwind of these sources, on high-frequency meteorological measurements, and on a Gaussian plume dispersion model. The framework exploits the scatter of the positions of the individual plume cross sections, the integrals of the gas mole fractions above the background within these plume cross sections, and the variations of these integrals from one cross section to the other to infer the position and rate of the releases. It has been developed and applied to provide estimates of brief controlled CH4 and CO2 point source releases during a 1-week campaign in October 2018 at the TOTAL experimental platform TADI in Lacq, France. These releases typically lasted 4 to 8 min and covered a wide range of rates (0.3 to 200 g CH4/s and 0.2 to 150 g CO2/s) to test the capability of atmospheric monitoring systems to react fast to emergency situations in industrial facilities. It also allowed testing of their capability to provide precise emission estimates for the application of climate change mitigation strategies. However, the low and highly varying wind conditions during the releases added difficulties to the challenge of characterizing the atmospheric transport over the very short duration of the releases. We present our series of CH4 and CO2 mole fraction measurements using instruments on board a car that drove along roads ∼50 to 150 m downwind of the 40 m × 60 m area for controlled releases along with the estimates of the release locations and rates. The comparisons of these results to the actual position and rate of the controlled releases indicate ∼10 %–40 % average errors (depending on the inversion configuration or on the series of tests) in the estimates of the release rates and ∼30–40 m errors in the estimates of the release locations. These results are shown to be promising, especially since better results could be expected for longer releases and under meteorological conditions more favorable to local-scale dispersion modeling. However, the analysis also highlights the need for methodological improvements to increase the skill for estimating the source locations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile atmospheric measurements and local-scale inverse estimation of the location and rates of brief CH4 and CO2 releases from point sources

et al. 2021

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“…Another method to detect leaks from a CCS site is using multiple CO 2 sensors as described by (Luhar et al, 2014;van Leeuwen et al, 2013). This principle is also demonstrated when comparing the two different CO 2 measurements in the small and main tower during the release experiment on September 11 and September 12, 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If this is the case, at least one additional measurement point is necessary to establish the background concentration (Leuning et al, 2008;Luhar et al, 2014;van Leeuwen et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of CO2 leaks from carbon capture and storage sites with combined atmospheric CO2 and O2 measurements

Leeuwen

Meijer

2015

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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“…For this purpose, it measures the temperature with an internal sensor and accepts user inputs for pressure and humidity. Shusterman et al (2016) andvan Leeuwen et al (2013) found some residual dependencies of the sensor output to temperature, pressure, and humidity and proposed to derive an empirical correction which can be specific for a sensor unit.…”

Section: Co 2 Sensor Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a small unmanned aircraft system to derive CO2 emissions of anthropogenic point sources

Reuter¹,

Bovensmann²,

Buchwitz³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. A reduction of the anthropogenic emissions of CO2 (carbon dioxide) is necessary to stop or slow down man-made climate change. To verify mitigation strategies, a global monitoring system such as the envisaged European Copernicus anthropogenic CO2 monitoring mission (CO2M) is required. Those satellite data are going to be complemented and validated with airborne measurements. UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) based measurements can provide a cost-effective way to contribute to this activities. Here we present the development of a sUAS (small unmanned aircraft system) to quantify the CO2 emissions of a nearby point source from its downwind mass flux without the need for any ancillary data. Specifically, CO2 is measured by a NDIR (non-dispersive infrared) detector and the wind speed and direction is measured with a 2D ultrasonic acoustic resonance anemometer. By means of laboratory measurements and an in-flight validation at the ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observation System) atmospheric station Steinkimmen (STE) near Bremen, Germany, we estimate that the individual CO2 measurements have a precision of 3 ppm and that CO2 enhancements can be determined with an accuracy of 1.3 % or 0.9 ppm, whichever is larger. We introduce an anemometer calibration method to minimize the effect of rotor downwash on the wind measurements. This method derives the fit parameters of a linear calibration model accounting for scaling, rotation, and a potential constant bias. For this purpose it analyzes wind measurements taken while following a suitable flight pattern and assuming stationary wind conditions. From the calibration and validation experiments, we estimate the single measurement precision of the horizontal wind speed to be 0.40 m s−1 and the accuracy to be 0.33 m s−1. By means of two flights downwind of the ExxonMobil natural gas processing facility in Großenkneten about 40 km east of Bremen, Germany, we demonstrate how the measurements of elevated CO2 concentrations can be used to infer mass fluxes of atmospheric CO2 related to the emissions of the facility.

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Leak detection of CO2 pipelines with simple atmospheric CO2 sensors for carbon capture and storage

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Mobile atmospheric measurements and local-scale inverse estimation of the location and rates of brief CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> releases from point sources

Mobile atmospheric measurements and local-scale inverse estimation of the location and rates of brief CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> releases from point sources

Detection of CO2 leaks from carbon capture and storage sites with combined atmospheric CO2 and O2 measurements

Development of a small unmanned aircraft system to derive CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of anthropogenic point sources

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Leak detection of CO2 pipelines with simple atmospheric CO2 sensors for carbon capture and storage

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Mobile atmospheric measurements and local-scale inverse estimation of the location and rates of brief CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; releases from point sources

Mobile atmospheric measurements and local-scale inverse estimation of the location and rates of brief CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; releases from point sources

Detection of CO2 leaks from carbon capture and storage sites with combined atmospheric CO2 and O2 measurements

Development of a small unmanned aircraft system to derive CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions of anthropogenic point sources

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Product

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Mobile atmospheric measurements and local-scale inverse estimation of the location and rates of brief CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> releases from point sources

Mobile atmospheric measurements and local-scale inverse estimation of the location and rates of brief CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> releases from point sources

Development of a small unmanned aircraft system to derive CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of anthropogenic point sources