Leaf-wetness duration and temperature required for infection of saskatoon leaves by<i>Entomosporium mespili</i>under controlled conditions

Holtslag, Q.A.; Remphrey, W. R.; Fernando, W. G. Dilantha; St-Pierre, R. G.; Panicker, Sangeetha

doi:10.1080/07060660309507065

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The optimal temperature for D. mespili conidial germination was 20°C. This finding agrees with that of Holstag et al (2003), who showed that D. mespili infection in Saskatoon cherry (Amelanchier alnifolia) was reduced at temperatures above 25°C in Winnipeg, Canada. Baudoin (1986) showed that D. mespili conidial germination on Photinia (Photinia × fraseri) leaves occurred 6 h after inoculation and required 12 h for leaf penetration at 25°C.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Optimal conditions for conidial germination and infection of European pear leaves by Diplocarpon mespili

Nunes

Alves

Bogo

et al. 2016

Trop. plant pathol.

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The epidemiology of Entomosporium leaf spot (ELS) affecting European pear is poorly understood, which limits the development of an effective management strategy. In vitro assays were conducted to study the effect of temperature levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C) on Diplocarpon mespili conidial germination evaluated at different incubation times (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h). Inoculation experiments were conducted to assess the effect of leaf wetness duration (0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h) under constant temperature (20°C) on ELS disease severity on leaves of cultivar 'Rocha'. The temperature × time interaction significantly affected conidial germination in both experiments and a response surface model was fitted to percent conidial germination data. The optimal temperature for conidial germination was estimated at 20°C. The incubation period was estimated at 4 days for all leaf wetness durations, excepting the 'zero' duration for which no infection occurred. A minimum of 6 h of leaf wetness duration was required for D. mespili infection. Severity reached maximum values after 24 h of leaf wetness duration. A linear regression model described ELS severity increase over time in the absence of reinfection conditions and a monomolecular model described the increase of disease severity influenced by leaf wetness duration in both experiments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Different conditions for D. mespili infection have been reported for different hosts. Baudoin (1986) and Holstag et al (2003) suggested that 6 and 12 h were the minimum LWDs for infection in Saskatoon cherry and Photinia leaves at 20°C, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Optimal conditions for conidial germination and infection of European pear leaves by Diplocarpon mespili

Nunes

Alves

Bogo

et al. 2016

Trop. plant pathol.

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“…Combinations of leaf-wetness duration and temperature that favor entomosporium leaf and berry spot development on saskatoon leaves were previously identified (Holtslag et al 2003). However, the presence of ideal weather conditions for disease development would be of little value to forecast a possible disease outbreak if inoculum was not present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Estimates of inoculum levels going into the winter have been valuable for implementing an early spring fungicide spray program to control pathogens like Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter, on apple trees (Boone 1971). A similar system for disease control would benefit saskatoon producers because E. mespili, like V. inaequalis on apples, infects young saskatoon leaves in early spring when they are most susceptible to infection (Holtslag et al 2003;Ronald et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…conidia produced from infected leaves of Cucumis sativus L. Disease-forecasting models based on leaf-wetness duration and temperature (Grove 2002;Monroe et al 1997) can be integrated with a fungicide spray program to help reduce disease. A similar disease-forecasting model based on leafwetness duration and temperature for E. mespili on saskatoon was developed (Holtslag et al 2003). The accuracy of this forecasting model would be improved if information on inoculum production and release were included.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating inoculum production relative to percent leaf area infected and environmental conditions required for stimulating release ofEntomosporium mespiliconidia onAmelanchier alnifolia

Holtslag

Remphrey

Fernando

et al. 2003

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Amelanchier alnifolia, commonly known as saskatoon, is a fruit-bearing shrub native to the Canadian Prairies. Currently, production is limited by the fungal pathogen Entomosporium mespili. It was found that there is a positive linear relationship between the relative concentration of E. mespili conidia (X) and the percent of saskatoon leaf area that is infected (Y), as represented by the equation Y = 0.0534X. In a field study, initial disease symptoms appeared 5 d after the first precipitation event that occurred 1 d or more after the date of flowering. A splashdispersed-conidia trap was constructed and used to trap conidia within the canopy of a saskatoon plant and, in both years of this study, conidia were first trapped on the 184th day of the year, which coincided with the exponential increase of percent leaf area infected. Conidia were primarily released during the first 2 h of precipitation events. Information on inoculum production and release will eventually be integrated into a dynamic disease-forecasting model for entomosporium leaf and berry spot caused by E. mespili on saskatoon.Key words: entomosporium leaf and berry spot, Entomosporium mespili, inoculum production, percent leaf area infected, conidia release, Amelanchier alnifolia.Résumé : L'Amelanchier alnifolia, connu sous le nom d'amélanchier ou petite poire, est un arbuste fruitier originaire des Prairies canadiennes. Présentement, le champignon pathogène Entomosporium mespili en restreint la production. Une relation linéaire positive a été trouvée entre la concentration relative de conidies d'E. mespili (X) et le pourcentage de la surface foliaire infectée des amélanchiers (Y); cette relation est représentée par l'équation Y = 0,0534X. Lors d'une étude sur le terrain, les premiers symptômes de la maladie sont apparus 5 d après la première précipitation qui a suivi d'au moins 1 d la date de floraison. Un piège à conidies dispersées par éclaboussure a été construit et employé pour capturer les conidies à l'intérieur du feuillage d'amélanchiers et, lors des deux années de cette étude, les conidies ont d'abord été capturées au 184 e jour de l'année, lequel a coïncidé avec un accroissement exponentiel du pourcentage de la surface foliaire infectée. Les conidies étaient principalement relâchées au cours des deux premières heures des précipitations. L'information sur la production et le relâchement d'inoculum sera éventuellement intégrée à un modèle dynamique de prévision de la maladie pour la tache des feuilles et des fruits causée par l'E. mespili sur l'amélanchier.Mots clés : tache des feuilles et des fruits, Entomosporium mespili, production d'inoculum, pourcentage de la surface foliaire infectée, relâchement de conidies, Amelanchier alnifolia.Holtslag et al.: Entomosporium on saskatoon / conidial production / effect of environment and disease levels 378

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Measurements and ecological implications of non‐rainfall water in desert ecosystems—A review

Kidron

Starinsky

2019

Ecohydrology

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The current review focuses on the contribution of non-rainfall water (NRW) to arid and semiarid regions (with a focus on the Negev), where NRW may provide a constant source of water that may facilitate the survival of different organisms, especially microorganisms. Factors that determine the amounts of NRW and the contribution of NRW to plants and organisms are discussed. Nevertheless, although important, significant variation exists regarding the amounts of NRW, which may stem from improper use or inherent drawbacks of some of the measurement devices. This may lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the possible role played by NRW. For instance, with prokaryotes (bacteria and cyanobacteria) requiring liquid water (≥0.1 mm) for growth, small inaccuracies in NRW around this threshold may either lead to the conclusion that NRW is sufficiently high to facilitate their growth, or rather, is too low to facilitate their growth. Arguing that some of the devices used to measure NRW may greatly overestimate the amounts, the possible contribution of NRW to soil bacteria and cyanobacterial biocrusts is analysed. We suggest that although NRW may assist the growth and survival of mosses and some types of lichens (mostly non-crustose), no conclusive findings were thus far reported regarding the use of dew for cyanobacteria growth. The use of dew by cyanobacterial crust for growth should be critically examined, and the possibility that NRW may even result in a negative carbon balance for cyanobacterial crusts should be considered.

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Leaf-wetness duration and temperature required for infection of saskatoon leaves byEntomosporium mespiliunder controlled conditions

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Optimal conditions for conidial germination and infection of European pear leaves by Diplocarpon mespili

Optimal conditions for conidial germination and infection of European pear leaves by Diplocarpon mespili

Estimating inoculum production relative to percent leaf area infected and environmental conditions required for stimulating release ofEntomosporium mespiliconidia onAmelanchier alnifolia

Measurements and ecological implications of non‐rainfall water in desert ecosystems—A review

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