Leaf Wash Techniques for Estimation of Foliar Absorption of Herbicides

Devine, M. D.; Bestman, Hank D.; Hall, C. V.; Born, W. H. Vanden

doi:10.1017/s0043174500059233

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…At each harvest time, 2 g of plant material were dipped into a jar containing 40 mL of wash solution (0.1% of a non‐ionic surfactant [Contact, Jens Kristensen, Ringsted, Denmark] and 10% (v/v) methanol). The jar was gently shaken for 1 min to wash off the unabsorbed herbicide (Devine et al . 1984).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the herbicide application, all the plants were returned to the greenhouse until harvest time. (Devine et al 1984).A 10 mL aliquot of the wash solution was assayed for the unabsorbed herbicide.Then, the plant material was blotted dry on paper towels, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and pulverized with a mortar and pestle. Next, 1.5 g of the homogenized sample was transferred to a 50 mL polypropylene conical tube (Falcon; Becton Dickinson Labware, NJ, USA) and 5 mL of methanol were added to each tube to stop further degradation.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Herbicide Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) to sulfosulfuron: The role of degradation

Mohassel

Spliid

Mathiassen

et al. 2011

Weed Biology and Management

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Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) is one of the most troublesome weed species in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Iran.Two bioassay experiments were conducted in order to study the response of wild barley and wheat to different herbicides and to study the efficacy of pre-emergence (PRE), postemergence (POST), and PRE followed by POST applications of sulfosulfuron on wild barely. Moreover, the degradation of sulfosulfuron was studied by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that wild barley was highly tolerant to clodinafop-propargyl and its dry weight was reduced by only 15%, compared to the control, at the recommended dose (64 g ai ha -1 ). Sulfosulfuron reduced the wild barley biomass by Յ50% at the highest dose (90 g ai ha -1 ) in the first bioassay but by not more than 20% and 12% at the recommended dose (22 g ai ha -1 ) in the first and second bioassay, respectively. Significant differences were found among the application methods of sulfosulfuron, with the POST application being the least effective method. In contrast to the POST application, wild barley was severely injured by the PRE application of sulfosulfuron, with an ED50 dose of 7.3 g ai ha -1 . The degradation study showed that wild barley can metabolize sulfosulfuron that is applied POST, but at a lower rate than wheat. By 4 h after application, wild barley had metabolized 26% of the sulfosulfuron, compared to 46% by wheat.In conclusion, wild barley can metabolize the recommended dose of sulfosulfuron that is applied POST; thus, the PRE application of sulfosulfuron or other integrated methods should be considered for the effective control of wild barley in wheat.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Materials and Herbicide Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) to sulfosulfuron: The role of degradation

Mohassel

Spliid

Mathiassen

et al. 2011

Weed Biology and Management

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“…The amount of radioactive clopyralid remaining on the treated leaf was quantified by means of a leaf rinse technique (Devine et al, 1984). The leaf rinse solutions consisted of the respective commercial formulation blank (formulation material without the active herbicide ingredient) of each clopyralid formulation diluted with water to achieve the same concentration of formulation agents as the treatment solutions.…”

Section: Absorption and Translocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of formulation and environment on absorption and translocation of clopyralid in Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. and Polygonum convolvulus L

Kloppenburg

Hall

1990

Weed Research

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Summary: The patterns of absorption and translocation of 14C clopyralid commercially formulated as the acid, monoethanolamine salt, potassium salt, 2‐ethylhexyl ester and 1 ‐decyl ester were compared in Cirsium arvense and Polygonum convolvulus grown under three environmental regimes. Plants were grown under a 35% or 65% RH regime in silica sand maintained at 33% w/w moisture or under a water stress regime at 65% RH. Approxi mately 26,39,86,93 and 100% of the applied 14C‐activity from the 2‐ethylhexyl ester, acid, monoethanolamine salt, 1‐decyl ester and potas sium salt, respectively, were recovered 72 h after application to glass cover slips placed in the growth room. However, loss of applied 14C‐activity after application of the five formulations to both plant species was significant only for the 2‐ethylhexyl ester. Regardless of environmental regime, the acid was the most readily absorbed formulation. In contrast to the acid, the salts and esters were less readily absorbed. When the data were expressed as a percentage of absorbed radioactivity, there was no significant difference in translocation when the acid, monoethanolamine salt and potassium salt were compared. However, significantly smaller quantities of the absorbed 2‐ethylhexyl and 1‐decyl ester were exported from the treated leaf. These results indicate that once absorbed, the esters do not readily partition out of the cuticle, whereas the acid and two salts move into the symplast for subsequent translocation. When the results of the three environmental regimes were compared, the absorption of the monoethanolamine and potas sium salts were greatly reduced under low humi dity or water stress, whereas the acid and esters were not affected.

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“…At the time of harvest, plants were dissected into treated leaves, apex, stem, leaves above and below treated zone and roots. The amount of radioactivity remaining on the glass coversbp or on the treated leaf surface was determined by means of a leaf rinse technique (Devine et al, 1984). The technique consisted of directing 10 ml of a 20% ethanol solution containing 0-5% Tween 20 w/v over the treated area with a volumetric pipette.…”

Section: Fluroxypyr Absorption and Translocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basis for the selective action of fluroxypyr

1994

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Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung The dose‐response, foliar uptake, translocation and metabolism of the methylheptyl ester (MHE) of fluroxypyr were examined in lambs‐quarters (Chenopodium album L.), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L. Scop.) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.). Under controlled environment growth room conditions, E50 values, determined from shoot dry weights of the susceptible species, wild buckwheat (16 g ha−1) and field bindweed (40 g ha−1), were markedly different than those of the tolerant species, lambsquarters (331 g ha−1) and Canada thistle (800 g ha−1). Regardless of species, more than 80% of applied [14C]fluroxypyr‐MHE was absorbed by foliar surfaces 120 h after treatment. Translocation of radioactivity out of the treated leaves of susceptible species was significantly greater than that of tolerant species. For example, 120 h after treatment with [14C]‐fluroxypyr‐MHE, the proportion of applied radioactivity translocated in tolerant Canada thistle and lambsquarters was 15 and 10%, respectively, whereas in susceptible wild buckwheat and field bindweed it was 41 and 40% of applied radioactivity, respectively. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of plant extracts indicated four distinct chroma‐tographic peaks common to all four species. More fluroxypyr was recovered in the susceptible species (70%) than in the tolerant species (30%), 120 h after application. Selectivity differences between the tolerant and susceptible species may be the result of enhanced metabolic transformation of the herbicide to more polar, non‐phytotoxic compounds with limited mobility within the tolerant species. Les bases de la sélectivité du fluroxypyr La courbe dose effet, la pénétration foliaire, la migration et le métabolisme de Tester méthyle‐heptyle (MHE) du fluroxypyr ont étéétudiés chez le chénopode blanc (Chenopodium album L.), la renouée faux‐liseron (Polygonum con‐vulvulus L.), le chardon des champs (Cirsium arvense L. Scop.) et le liseron des champs (Convolvulus arvensis L.). En conditions de crois‐sance contrôlées, les valeurs ED50, déterminées à partir du poids de matière sèche des parties aériennes étaient nettement différentes chez les plantes sensibles et chez les plantes résistan‐tes:renouée faux‐liseron, 16 g ha−1; liseron des champs, 40 g ha−1; chénopode blanc, 331 g ha−1; chardon des champs, 800 g ha−1. Quelle que soit 1'espèce, plus de 80% du [14C]fluroxypyr‐MHE pénétrait dans les feuilles en 120 h. La migration de la radioactivité hors des feuilles traitérs était significativement plus importante chez les plantes sensibles que chez les plantes tolérantes. Par exemple, 120 h après le traite‐ment avec du [14C]fluroxypyr‐MHE, la proportion de radioactivité appliquée qui avait migré dans le chardon des champs et le chénopode, tolérants, était respectivement 15 et 10%, alors que chez la renouée faux‐liseron et le liseron des champs, sensibles, elle était respectivement 41 et 40%. Des analyses par HPLC des extraits de plantes montraient qua...

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Leaf Wash Techniques for Estimation of Foliar Absorption of Herbicides

Cited by 47 publications

References 14 publications

Response of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) to sulfosulfuron: The role of degradation

Response of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) to sulfosulfuron: The role of degradation

Effects of formulation and environment on absorption and translocation of clopyralid in Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. and Polygonum convolvulus L

Basis for the selective action of fluroxypyr

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