Leaf Spot of Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) Caused by Stemphylium lycopersici

Kwon, Jin-Hyeuk; Jeong, Byoung-Ryong; Yun, Jae-Gill; Lee, Sang-Woo

doi:10.5423/rpd.2007.13.2.122

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The type and pressure of the selection agent are important determinants during this procedure (Van den Bulk, 1991). Although the leaf spot pathogen S. lycopersici has been identified from kalanchoe in Korea (Kwon et al, 2007), it has not been reported as a selected agent during culture tissue, let alone the selected concentration. Therefore, in this study, we confirmed the optimal concentration of crude toxin for selection during culture tissue and the poisoning effects of the brown spot crude toxin on calluses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Mutagenesis followed by Polymorphism Detection Using Start Codon Targeted Markers to Engineer Brown Spot Resistance in Kalanchoe

Li¹,

Liu²,

Lin³

et al. 2019

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) is a common potted flower that is popular throughout the world. Brown spot (caused by Stemphylium lycopersici) is one of the common foliage diseases in kalanchoe. This disease tends to infect leaves of kalanchoe plants in hot and humid environments, reducing their aesthetic value. The current investigation aimed to generate mutations resistant to brown spot in 'Mary' kalanchoe through chemical mutagenesis followed by molecular marker identification. Putative mutants were developed by treating embryogenic calluses with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) at median lethal doses (LD50)-either a 0.8% concentration for 2 hours or a 1.0% concentration for 0.5 hours. Brown spot crude toxin solution was used as the selection agent to identify diseaseresistant calluses during tissue culture. The optimal crude concentration (60%) was determined by soaking calluses with different concentrations of crude pathogen: 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% (v/v). A total of 32 anti-brown spot lines were regenerated and tested for disease resistance with detached leaves. Three regenerated EMS mutant lines showed no obvious brown spot lesions on their leaves after the disease resistance assay and were subjected to polymorphism identification by start codon targeted (SCoT) molecular markers. Three (SCoT40, SCoT71, and SCoT72) of 45 selected primers were chosen to identify the mutants. This work may lay the foundation for further development of new disease-resistant cultivars of kalanchoe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have shown that the Stemphylium sp. was the common pathogen infecting Kalanchoe sp., causing leaf spot (Kwon et al, 2007;Shen et al, 2012;Yao, 2014). Leaf spot with classic symptoms on the leaves of kalanchoe was observed at Chongqing in southwest China, where the summer climate is hot and humid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Mutagenesis followed by Polymorphism Detection Using Start Codon Targeted Markers to Engineer Brown Spot Resistance in Kalanchoe

Li¹,

Liu²,

Lin³

et al. 2019

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…Based on the earliest descriptions of spore morphology for Stemphylium species associated with gray leaf spot, we found that while some of our isolates fit closely to the S. solani phenotype, because of the shorter length, width and L:W ratio of the conidia, others presented morphological characteristics typical of S. lycopersici, since they produce bigger spores with L:W ratios equal or higher than 3 (Weber et al 1932;Hannon and Weber 1959;Ellis 1971;Ellis and Gibson 1975a;Ellis and Gibson 1975b). However, Kim et al (2004), Kwon et al (2007), Nishi et al (2009, Tomioka et al (2011), Hong et al (2012), Kurose et al (2014), and Nasehi et al (2015) described isolates of S. lycopersici with conidia with L:W ratios lower than 3. Although spore morphology has been traditionally used as a diagnostic tool to delimitate species of Stemphylium, this feature is under the influence of environmental factors.…”

Section: Fementioning

confidence: 99%

A survey on tomato leaf grey spot in the two main production areas of Argentina led to the isolation of Stemphylium lycopersici representatives which were genetically diverse and differed in their virulence

et al. 2017

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A survey on tomato leaf grey spot in the two main production areas of Argentina led to the isolation of Stemphylium lycopersici representatives, which were genetically diverse and differ in virulence-Manuscript Draft-Manuscript Number: EJPP-D-16-00733 Full Title: A survey on tomato leaf grey spot in the two main production areas of Argentina led to the isolation of Stemphylium lycopersici representatives, which were genetically diverse and differ in virulence Article Type:

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“…En base a las descripciones disponibles de la morfología de conidios de las especies de Stemphylium asociadas a la mancha gris de la hoja del tomate, encontramos que mientras algunos de los aislados se ajustaban estrechamente al fenotipo de S. solani, debido a la menor longitud, ancho y relación L/A de los conidios, otros presentaron características morfológicas típicas de S. lycopersici, ya que produjeron esporas más grandes con una relación L/A igual o superior a 3 57,70,[137][138][139] . Sin embargo, Hong, Kim, Kurose, Kwon, Nishi y Tomioka, y sus colaboradores, describieron aislados de S. lycopersici con conidios con relaciones L/A inferiores a 3 27,87,[140][141][142][143] . Aunque la morfología de los conidios se utilizó tradicionalmente como herramienta de diagnóstico para delimitar especies de Stemphylium, esta característica está bajo la influencia de factores ambientales.…”

Section: IV Discusiónunclassified

Mancha gris de la hoja del tomate: identificación, biología y genómica del agente etiológico

Franco¹

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La mancha gris de la hoja del tomate es una enfermedad causada por tres especies del género Stemphylium: S. botryosum, S. solani y S. lycopersici. De amplia distribución mundial, fue reportada por primera vez en Argentina en 1990. Desde entonces, no solo ha aumentado en las áreas endémicas, sino que también se ha diseminado a nuevas regiones de cultivo. En base a la premisa que la patogenicidad de Stemphylium en plantas de tomate se debe a la expresión de efectores que vulneran los mecanismos de defensa del hospedador, en la presente tesis se indagó sobre la biología y genómica del agente etiológico con particular énfasis en el repertorio de efectores. Como primer paso, se comprobó que S. lycopersici es el principal agente causal de la mancha gris de la hoja del tomate en Argentina. Los aislados exhibieron una gran diversidad según lo evaluado mediante su morfología, genética y agresividad en tomate. Luego, se seleccionó un representante a partir del cual se generó el primer genoma borrador de S. lycopersici mediante secuenciación de segunda generación. Se utilizó al genoma mitocondrial para inferir la historia evolutiva de este fitopatógeno. El mitogenoma reveló una estructura dinámica, rica en secuencias repetitivas y elementos móviles, con algunas particularidades como la ausencia de los genes atp8 y atp9 y la fusión de los genes cox1 y cox2. Finalmente, el genoma borrador fue utilizado como insumo en la identificación y caracterización del secretoma in silico y de los clusters de genes de metabolitos secundarios. De esta manera, se determinó que el secretoma de S. lycopersici está compuesto por 1005 proteínas (11,12 % del proteoma), 363 de las cuales presentan características de efectores. En general, se encontró un repertorio de proteínas típico al de un hongo necrótrofo; variedad y cantidad de enzimas que degradan la pared celular, efectores LysM y enzimas que intervienen en la eliminación de las especies reactivas del oxígeno. Por otra parte, se identificaron 36 clusters de genes de metabolitos secundarios, con predominio de clusters de genes biosintéticos de policétidos. Se encontró que el genoma de S. lycopersici contiene genes claves para la biosíntesis de melanina vía 1,8-dihidroxinaftaleno y L-dihidroxifenilalanina. Asimismo, posee el gen codificante de la 4-hidroxifenilpiruvato dioxigenasa, enzima clave en la biosíntesis de piomelanina. Estos datos sientan bases sólidas para el desarrollo de estudios funcionales dirigidos a caracterizar tanto el metabolismo secundario como así también el secretoma in vivo de S. lycopersici bajo cualquier condición fisiológica, siendo de particular interés durante su interacción con el tomate. El conocimiento de las moléculas intervinientes en esta interacción será clave para el diseño racional de estrategias para el manejo de la mancha gris de la hoja del tomate.

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Leaf Spot of Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) Caused by Stemphylium lycopersici

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

In Vitro Mutagenesis followed by Polymorphism Detection Using Start Codon Targeted Markers to Engineer Brown Spot Resistance in Kalanchoe

In Vitro Mutagenesis followed by Polymorphism Detection Using Start Codon Targeted Markers to Engineer Brown Spot Resistance in Kalanchoe

A survey on tomato leaf grey spot in the two main production areas of Argentina led to the isolation of Stemphylium lycopersici representatives which were genetically diverse and differed in their virulence

Mancha gris de la hoja del tomate: identificación, biología y genómica del agente etiológico

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