Leaf Spot Color and Venation Inheritance and Petiole Strength Variation in Caladium

Gager, Charles F.; Wilfret, Gary J.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1168d

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“…Tremendous efforts (at least in an aroid) have been made to understand the genetic control of leaf spots and their genetic relationship with other foliar traits. Based on the segregation of leaf spots and colors at the central leaf area in the progeny of a cross between two cultivars, Zettler and Abo El-Nil (1979) proposed that one locus controlled the vein color, vein pattern, and spotting in caladium and that 'Painter's Palette', a plant collected by W. Zettler from a homesite near Campville, FL (Gager, 1991), carried alleles R and W for its red and white spots, while 'Poecile Anglais', a commercial cultivar, had the allele R# in a homozygous state for its red center on the leaf. Subsequently, Wilfret (1983Wilfret ( , 1986 showed that caladium leaf vein pattern and color were controlled by separate genetic systems.…”

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“…Subsequently, Wilfret (1983Wilfret ( , 1986 showed that caladium leaf vein pattern and color were controlled by separate genetic systems. To resolve this discrepancy, Gager (1991) performed crosses between 'Painter's Palette' and 'Aaron' or 'Florida Cardinal', sib-mated their progeny, and analyzed the segregation of leaf spots, spot color, and vein pattern. The conclusion was that a single locus controlled the expression of spotting, with two codominant alleles, S R for red spots and S W for white spots, and a recessive allele s for no spots.…”

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“…The conclusion was that a single locus controlled the expression of spotting, with two codominant alleles, S R for red spots and S W for white spots, and a recessive allele s for no spots. It was believed that both progeny with pink spots and progeny with red and white spots had the same genotype (S R /S W ), but the former resulted from the overlapping of red spots and white spots at the same locations on the leaf, while the latter was due to the expression of red and white spots at different locations on the leaf (Gager, 1991). Gager speculated that there is a separate gene that controls the location of spots (isolated, border touching, or overlapping).…”

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Inheritance of Leaf Spots and Their Genetic Relationships with Leaf Shape and Vein Color in Caladium

Deng¹,

Goktepe²,

Harbaugh³

2008

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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The ornamental value of caladium (Caladium ×hortulanum Birdsey) depends to a large extent on its foliar characteristics. Efficient genetic improvement of caladium foliar characteristics requires a good understanding of the inheritance of these traits, including leaf shape, color, and spots. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of leaf spots in caladium and to understand their relationships with leaf shape and main vein color. Eighteen controlled crosses were made among eight commercial cultivars expressing red or no leaf spots, and progeny of these crosses were observed for segregation of leaf spots as well as leaf shape and vein color. A single locus with two alleles is shown to be responsible for the presence or absence of leaf spots in caladium, with the presence allele (S) dominant over the absence allele (s). The major spotted commercial cultivar Gingerland is heterozygous for this trait. Leaf spots are inherited independently from leaf shape, but they are closely linked with the color of the main leaf veins. The recombination frequencies between the leaf spot locus and the main vein color locus ranged from 0.0% to 8.9% with the crosses or the parental cultivars used, with an average of 4.4%. Leaf spots and vein colors represent the first linkage group of ornamental traits in caladium and possibly in other ornamental aroids. The knowledge gained in this study will be valuable when it comes to determine what crosses to make for development of new cultivars. It may be also useful to those interested in determining the inheritance of similar traits in other ornamental plants, including other ornamental aroids such as dieffenbachia (Dieffenbachia Schott).

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Inheritance of Leaf Spots and Their Genetic Relationships with Leaf Shape and Vein Color in Caladium

Deng¹,

Goktepe²,

Harbaugh³

2008

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…A thorough understanding of the inheritance of foliar traits is critical for improving breeding efficiency for producing desirable cultivars in these aroids (Henny, 1988). Studies to date on the inheritance of foliar traits in caladium (leaf shape, vein color, spotting, blotching, and so on) have shown that the traits are generally under simple genetic control (Deng and Harbaugh, 2006;Deng et al, 2007Gager, 1991;Wilfret, 1983Wilfret, , 1986. Diverse variation is available in a number of other leaf characteristics in caladium (Deng, personal observations).…”

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Leaf Blotching in Caladium (Araceae) Is Under Simple Genetic Control and Tightly Linked to Vein Color

Deng¹,

Harbaugh²

2009

horts

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Cultivated caladiums (Caladium ×hortulanum Birdsey) are valued as important pot and landscape plants because of their bright, colorful leaves. Improving leaf characteristics or generating new combinations of these characteristics has been one of the most important breeding objectives in caladium. A major leaf characteristic in caladium is leaf blotching, the presence of numerous irregularly shaped color areas between major veins on leaf blades. This pattern of coloration in combination with bright colors has resulted in the popularity of a number of caladium cultivars. In this study, controlled crosses were made among three blotched and six nonblotched caladium cultivars. Their progeny were analyzed to understand the mode of inheritance of leaf blotching and its genetic relationship with the color of main leaf veins. Progeny of selfing nonblotched or crossing nonblotched cultivars were all nonblotched; selfing blotched cultivars (Carolyn Whorton, White Christmas, and Florida Blizzard) or crossing ‘Florida Blizzard’ and ‘Carolyn Whorton’ resulted in a 3:1 ratio (blotched:nonblotched); and progeny from crosses between blotched and nonblotched cultivars segregated in a 1:1 ratio (blotched:nonblotched). These results indicate that leaf blotching is controlled by a single nuclear locus with two alleles (B and b). χ2 analysis of the joint segregation between leaf blotching and vein color (V) in five crosses showed that the blotching allele B is linked to the green vein allele Vg. ‘Carolyn Whorton’, ‘White Christmas’, and ‘Florida Blizzard’ are heterozygous for leaf blotching, and their genotype for leaf blotching and vein color (Vr, Vw, and Vg for red, white, and green veins, respectively) are Vrb//VgB, Vgb//VgB, and Vwb//VgB, respectively. This information will be valuable for planning crosses and breeding populations to develop new blotched caladium cultivars. The information gained in this study may be helpful for understanding the inheritance of similar traits in other aroids.

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“…The main breeding approach used in caladium has been hybridizations between elite cultivars or breeding lines. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to understand the mode of inheritance of several important caladium foliar traits, including leaf shape, main vein color, leaf spotting, and leaf blotching Harbaugh, 2006, 2009;Deng et al, 2008;Gager, 1991;Wilfret, 1983). It is known now that caladium leaf shape is controlled by a single locus (F) with two alleles (F and f).…”

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Inheritance of Rugose Leaf in Caladium and Genetic Relationships with Leaf Shape, Main Vein Color, and Leaf Spotting

Cao¹,

Sui²,

Yang³

et al. 2016

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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A number of caladium cultivars (Caladium ×hortulanum), including Miss Muffet and Gingerland, produce rugose leaves. The rugosity on these leaves is an intriguing characteristic, often resulting in an increased ornamental value. This study was conducted to understand the mode of inheritance of this trait and to determine its genetic relationship with other foliar characteristics including leaf shape, main vein color, and leaf spotting in caladiums. Sixteen caladium cultivars/breeding lines were crossed and 20 populations were produced; progeny of these populations were phenotyped for rugose leaf as well as leaf shape, main vein color, and leaf spotting. Results showed that a single locus with two alleles controlled the presence or absence of rugose leaves in these populations. The locus was designated as RLF, with the dominant RLF allele for rugose leaves and the recessive allele rlf for nonrugose (flat) leaves. Rugose cultivars Miss Muffet and Gingerland and breeding line UF-317 possessed the heterozygous genotype RLFrlf. Rugose leaf was inherited independently from leaf shape, but linked with the green main vein allele (Vg) at the V locus and the leaf spotting allele (S) at the S locus. Three-point analysis of the segregation of the three linked traits in reciprocal crosses between ‘Miss Muffet’ and nonrugose ‘Candidum’ indicated a genetic linkage map with the gene order of S locus locating between the V and the RLF loci. The information obtained from this study will be useful for developing breeding strategies for producing new caladium cultivars with or without rugose leaves, and can facilitate the understanding of the mode of inheritance for rugose leaves in other aroids and other plants.

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Leaf Spot Color and Venation Inheritance and Petiole Strength Variation in Caladium

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Inheritance of Leaf Spots and Their Genetic Relationships with Leaf Shape and Vein Color in Caladium

Inheritance of Leaf Spots and Their Genetic Relationships with Leaf Shape and Vein Color in Caladium

Leaf Blotching in Caladium (Araceae) Is Under Simple Genetic Control and Tightly Linked to Vein Color

Inheritance of Rugose Leaf in Caladium and Genetic Relationships with Leaf Shape, Main Vein Color, and Leaf Spotting

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